GEOGRAPHY
Paper- II
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

INSTRUCTIONS

Candidates should attempt all question strictly in accordance with the instructions given under each questions.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch map and diagrams.

1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write brief notes (not exceeding 30 words each) on the significant aspects of the same ten entries: 6×10=60

(a). Nagarjuna Sagar

(b). Dharmasala

(c). Aizawl

(d). Konkan Railway

(e). Kovalam Beach

(f). NagaIjuna Sagar

(g). Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary

(h). ICRISAT

(i). Vishakhapatnam Port

(j). Panna

(k). Nuclear Fuel Complex

(l). Gurgaon

(m). Bodh Gaya

2. Explain the different views put forth about the origin of Himalayas and divide Himalayas into vertical divisions. 60

3. Discuss the need of conservation and utility of water resource in India. 60

4.”The institutional factors have grip over the crop pattern and crop productivity on Indian agriculture.” Justify. 60

Section-B

5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

a) Discuss the policies and programmes of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in India.

(b) Explain the causes and consequences of migration.

(e) Write a critical note on the Cauvery River Dispute.

(d) Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.

6. Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberalization on the Industrial Economy Pattern of India. 60

7. Discuss environmental problems of India in the context of rapid economic development and population growth. 60

8.”Slums are urban menace.” Elucidate with Indian cities as examples. 60

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum       Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Question 1 and 2 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.

1. On the outline map of India provided, mark the following, and also write in your answer-book in not more than ten words, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each of them :

(a) Farakka barrage

(b) Kavaratti

(c) Manali-leh highway

(d) Majuli riverain island

(e) Rajmahal hills

(f) Palghat gap

(g) Chhattisgarh plain

(h) Luni river

(i) Karwar

(j) Anandpur Sahib
OR
On the outline map of World provided, mark the following, and also write in your answer-book in not more than ten words, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each of them :

(a) Greenwich

(b) Caribbean Sea

(c) Eritrea

(d) West Bank

(e) Dakshin Gangotri

(f) Vatican City State

(g) Great Dividing Range

(h) Tai-pei

(i) Alaska

(j) Chagai hills

2. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each :

(a) Cs type of climate, as per Koeppen’s .classification

(b) Submarine canyons

(c) Gravity model

(d) Primate city

SECTION A

3. Bring out the distinctions between the ‘continental drift’ theory and the ‘plate tectonics’ theory.

4. Make a comparative study of the tropical and temperate cyclones.

5. Discuss the relevance of ‘watershed’, as an ecosystem for the purpose of sustainable development.

SECTION B

6. Describe the sequence of major paradigm shifts in geo- graphic thought during the twentieth century.

7. Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the pre-industrial and industrial cities.

8. How far do the patterns of economic development and those of human development correspond with each other in the world ? Illustrate your answer with examples.

iaspapers.info/category/geography" title='Read more about Geography'>Geography – 1999 (Main) (Paper – II)
Candidates should Questions 1and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.

SECTION A

1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each

(a) Evaluate the feasibility of the proposed Ganga-Cauveri drainage link.

(b) Discuss the role of institutional factors in the efficiency and productivity of agriculture in India.

(c) Examine the resources of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(d) Bring out the present-day position of exploitation and processing of nuclear minerals in India.

2. Critically examine the problems and prospects of tribal areas in India.

3. Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions of India.

4. Examine the pattern of distribution and mode of exploitation of bauxite in India.

SECTION B

5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each

(a) Examine the importance of industrial estates in India.

(b) Discuss the geographical control of rural settlement pattern in India.

(c) Explain the role of railways as a unifying factor in Indian economy.

(d) Discuss the geopolitical importance of Indian Ocean area.

6. Bring out the trands in the development of fertilizer industry in India.

7. Discuss the concept of city region and referring to Indian cities, examine critically functional indicators used for delimiting the city region.

8. Discuss the role of languages in regional consciousness and national integration in India.

Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Administrative efficiency is enhanced by keeping at a minimum the number of organizational levels through which a matter must pass before it is acted upon.” – (Herbert A. Simon) 20

(b) “A science of administration would be a body of for mal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypotheses that are applicable to concrete situations.” – (Fritz Morstein Marx)  20

(c) … “a more thorough consideration leads to the understanding that communication, authority, specialisation and purpose are all aspects comprehended in coordination.”- (Chester I. Barnard)  20

(d) “Political environment conditions administrative system.” – (F. W Riggs) 20

Q. 2. “… The paradigms of public administration may be understood in terms of locus an focus.”  -  Golembiewski

In the light of the above statement describe the “five-paradigms” of Nicholas Henry about the evolution of the discipline of public administration. 60

Q. 3. “Information constitutes the life-blood of the functioning of organization.” In the light of this statement, explain the utility and importance of communication in decision-making. 60

Q. 4. What opportunities are available to All India Services and state services in career development ? Do you agree that days of generalists in modern administrative state are
numbered ?  60

SECTION `B’

Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Budget as an instrument of socio-economic transformation. 20

(b) Judicial control over administration in India and concept of judicial activism. 20

(c) Effectiveness and utility of Central and State Administrative Tribunals. 20

(b) Work study and work-measurement in Indian Administration. 20

Q.6. Give reasons for the failure of Government of India to introduce the performance programme budgetary technique in Union Ministries. What type of budgetary system is being currently practised in India and why ? 60

Q. 7. “The weakest aspect of Indian Administrative System is utter disregard of accountability.” Examine the current mechanism for enforcing accountability. What steps are necessary to make it more effective ? 60

Q. 8. Critically examine the approach and methodology adopted by Fred W. Riggs in his study of prismatic and sala societies. What is valid-content of Raj Krishna’s criticism of refraction ? 60

Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “The period of British rule generated most of the structural and behavioural values of Indian Administration not by imitation but through interaction.”

(b) “Though the dictatorship of the Cabinet is a stark reality in modern times, it does not mean that the Cabinet is omnipotent.”

(c) “National Development Council, it seems, is like a super-Cabinet.”

(d) “Indian Constitution confers vast legislative powers on the President.”

Q. 2. “Among several other problems, the Problem of financial relationship is perhaps the most complex one.” Explain in the context of recent developments in Union-State relations in India.

Q. 3. (a) “The leadership qualities of a civil servant are tested most during his tenure as the Cabinet Secretary – a dream-post for even-bureaucrat.- Elucidate.

(b) “All India Services play a crucial unifying role in the whole administrative system of the country.” Explain.

Q.4. Discuss the major problems of management and working of Public Sector Undertakings in India. Give suggestions in the light of liberalization policy to improve their performance.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Maintenance of law and order is a State subject but the Union Government can deploy armed forces in any State.”

(b) “Most administrative reforms have a political cost.”

(c) “It is a major challenge to balance the role of District Collector with the powers of democratic bodies.”

(d) “A middle way- should be worked out to utilize the services of both generalists and specialists for the national development.”

Q. 6. Do you think that our administration is sensitive to public grievances ? Discuss the existing grievances redressal mechanism and give suggestions for enhancing its capabilities.

Q. 7. (a) “Reservation policy and its implementation has had some positive impact in relative terms on the socio-economic development of the SCs and STs but it is very meagre in absolute terms. Comment.

(b) “In the Chief Secretary, the State Government has an officer whose counterpart does not obtain in the Union Government.’ Elucidate.

Q. 8. Do you agree that globalization, liberalization and privatization policies are going to change the very fabric of Indian Administration ? What, according to you, are the major challenges before it in the 21st century ?

Paper – I
Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. .All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION – A

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) : (a) Sociology as an interpretative discipline

(b) A good hypothesis

(c) Anomie

(d) Types of mobility

2. Is it possible to study social phenomenon scientifically ? Give a critical answer.

3. Critically examine Max Weber’s theory of social action and its limitations.

4. Discuss Talcott Parsons’ contribution to the analysis of social system.

SECTION-B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :
(a) Fundamentals of religion

(b) Concept of social movement

(c) Role of education in social development

(d) Industrialization and social change

6. “Education is an instrument of social control and social change,” Critically examine the statement.

7. What are the problems of universalisation of primary education ? Discuss fully.

8. Explain the concept of social change. Critically examine the contribution of Karl Marx’s theory of social change.

Paper – II

SECTION A
1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words each)
(a) Pluralism and national unity

(b) Industrial class structure in India

(c) Impact of Islam on Indian society

(d) Social consequences of occupational diversification

2. Outline the social factors related to generation gap. How has the generation gap led to the problems of youth unrest ?

3. Describe the sociocultural background of the political elites of contemporary India. What has been the influence of their background on their political orientations ?

4. Caste is becoming weaker and stronger at the same time in present day India. ‘ Discuss the factors responsible for continuity and change.

SECTION-B
5. Write short on any three of the following (in not more than 200 words each) :

(a) Social proVirtual of slums

(b) Social dimensions of drug addiction

(c) Issues of tribal identity

(d) Communal tensions in India

6. Describe the role played by education in social mobility.
Do you think that education has been the most important factor in accelerating social mobility in modern Indian society ? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

7. What changes have taken place in the tribal social stratification pattern in recent times ? Describe the factors responsible for these changes.

8. Describe the factors related to social movements. In the light of these factors explain the emergence of peasant movement in India.

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section-A

1.iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.

II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.

III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.

IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.

V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.

VI. Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.

VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.

VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.

IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.

X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.

XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B

2. iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Hindi Literature.

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.

Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B : Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.

Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C: Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.

Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.

D : Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.

Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & Realism

B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.

C. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.

D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.

E. Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.

C. The development of Hindi Theature.

V. Criticism

A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.

B : Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Hindi.

This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)

2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)

3. Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).

4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)

5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)

6. Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati

7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)

8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).

9. Dinkar : Kurushetra

10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)

11. Muktiboth : Brahma Rakshas

12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B

1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha

2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din

3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I)

(Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai, Manjusha – Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai

6. Prasad : Skandgupta

7. Yashpal : Divya

8. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal

9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

PAPER – I

SECTION-A

1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on places plotted by you on the map:

(1) Mohenjodaro (2) Burzahom

(3) Inamgaon (4) Sannathi

(5) Kaveripattinam (6) Sisupalgarh

(7) Anuradhapura (8) Karnasuvarna

(9) Chittagong (10) Chitore

(11) Pratishthana (12) Vidisa

(13) Hampi (14) Warangal

(15) Diu (16) Seringapatam

(17) Debal (18) Fatehpur Sikri

(19) Bijapur (20) Sasaram

2. Determine the extent of the Mauryan empire.

3. Assess the status of women in India from c. 4th century BC to AD 6th century.

4. What are the salient features of the administrative system of the Guptas ?

SECTION-B

5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following:

(a) The Samanta system

(b) The Bahmani kingdom

(c) Mughal painting

(d) Chaianyadeva and Vaishnavism

6. Give your opinion on the urban development in India during the Mughal times.

7. “The tenets of Hindu and Muslim mystics were similar enough that the ground was ripe for syncretic movements involving adherents of both religious.”Elucidate.

8. How would you like to characterize the eighteenth century in Indian history?

PAPER – II – 2005

SECTION-A (Modern India)

1. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each:20×3=60

(a) ‘Upon the whole, then, I conclude that the treaty of Bassein was wise, just and a politic measure.’

(b) ‘Whatever might have been its original character, it (Rebellion of 1857) soon became a symbol of challenge to the mighty British power in India ‘

(c) ‘The impact of government on the people meant essentially the impact of government on the village.’

(d) ‘The national democratic awakening of the Indian people found expression also in the religious sphere.’

2. Examine the essential principles of the Subsidiary Alliance system. How far did it contribute in making the British Company the supreme sovereign authority in India? 60

3. Trace the development of the famine policy of the British in India 1876 and 1921. Did it provide relief to the people? 60

4. Analyse the factors responsible for the Civil Disobedience movement (1930-31). How far were its aims realised in the Government of India Act of 1935 ? 60

SECTION-B

(World iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History)

5. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

(a) ‘Though reform was inevitable, the Act (1832) by which it was accomplished was open to grave criticism.’

(b) ‘The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution.’

(c) ‘They have stopped me from making Italy by diplomacy from the North, I will make it by revolution from the South.’

(d) ‘The Russian Revolution (1917) was an economic explosion hastened by the stupidities of the autocratic Government’

6. ‘What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution?

Do you agree with Beard’s view of the constitution being an Economic Document? 60

7. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution of 1949 and analyse its significance. 60

8. Critically examine the various dimensions and phases of the cold war between 1947 and 1962. 60

1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of the discipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration. Public and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New Pubic Administration. New Public Management perspective.
2. Basic concepts and principles : Organization, hierarchy, Unity of command, Span of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization and Decentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.
3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Managment Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioral Approach, Systems approach.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H. Simon, communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation (Maslow and Herzberg)
5. Accountability and Control : The concepts of Accountability and control : Legislative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role of civil society, peoples participation and Right to Information.
6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Britain, France and Japan.
7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies; position classification, Recuritment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Service conditions. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics.
8. Financial Administration : Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation and execution of budget, deficit financing and public debt, Accounts and Audit.
9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy : Constitutional context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Ministers Office, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; Election Commission; Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises: Patterns, role performance and impact of liberalization.
10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Services. Union Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specialists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship.
11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role.
12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Main features, structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendements. Public Administration Syllabus for Main Examination
Paper-I
Administrative theory

Section-A
I Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration, Public and Private Administration, Wilsons vision of Public Administration, Evolution of the discipline and its present status. New Public Administration. Public choice approach and New Public Management perspective. iaspapers.info/category/features" title='Read more about Features'>Features of Entrepreneurial Government, Good Governance : concept and application.
II Theories of Administration : Nature and typologies; Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Management Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others), Bureaucratic Theory. (Marxist view, Webers model and its critique, post-Weberian developments.) Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and (C.I. Barnard) Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and and others). Behavioral Approach to Organizational Analysis. Participative Management; (McGregor, Likert and others). The Systems Approach; Open and closed systems.
III Structure of public organisations : Typologies of Political Executive and their functions. Forms of public organizations : Ministries and Departments : Corporations; Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and Advisory bodies. Headquarters and field relationships.
IV Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to Herbert Simon, Theories of Leadership, Communication, Morale, Motivation (Maslow and Herzberg.)
V Accountability and Control : Concepts of Accountability and Control; Legislative Executive and Judicial Control over Administration. Citizen and Administration, Role of civil society, peoples participation, Right to information. Administrative corruption, machinery for redressal of citizens grievances. Citizens Charter.
VI Administrative Law : Meaning and significance. Delegated Legislation : Types, Advantages, Limitations, Safeguards, Administrative Tribunals : limitations and methods of ensuring effectiveness.

Section-B

VII Administrative Reforms : Meaning, process and obstacles. Techniques of administrative improvement : O and M; Work Study and Work Management, Information Technology.
VIII Comparative Public Administration : Meaning, nature and scope. Models of Comparative Public Administration : Bureaucratic and ecological.
IX Development Administration : Origin and purpose, Riggs Prismatic-Sala Model; Bureaucracy and Development; Changing profile of Development Administration; new directions in peoples self development and empowerment.
X Public Policy : Relevance of Policy making in Public Administration. Model of Policy-making Sectoral policies (e.g. Energy, Industries Education and Transport Policies) Process of Policy formulation, problems of implementation, feed-back and evaluation.
XI Personnel Administration : Objectives of Personnel Administration. Importance of human resource development. Recruitment, training, career development, position classification, discipline, Performance Appraisal, Promotion, Pay and Service Conditions; employer- employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism integrity and code of conduct.
XII Financial administration : Monetary and fiscal policies. Resource mobilisation : tax and non-tax sources. Public borrowings and public debt. Concepts and types of budget. Preparation and execution of the budget. Deficit financing Performance budgeting. Legislative control, Accounts and Audit.

Paper-II
Indian Administration

Section-A
1. Evolution of Indian Administration Kautilya, Mughal period, British legacy.
2. Constitutional framework value premises of the Constitution, Parliamentary democracy, federalism, Planning. Human Rights : National Human Rights Commission.
3. Union Government and Administration President Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet committees, Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Ministers Office, Central Secretariat, Ministries and Departments, Advisory Bodies, Boards and Commissions, Field Organizations.
4. State Government and Administration–Governor, Chief Minsiter, Council of Ministers, Chief Secretary, State Secretariat Directorates.
5. District Administration Changing role of the District Collector : Law and Order and Development Management. Relationship with functional departments. District administration and the Panchayati Raj institutions. Role and functions of the Sub-Divisional Officer.
6. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban Local Government. Structures, Functions, finances. Main features of 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendements : Problems of implementation. Major rural and urban development programmes and their management.
7. Public Sector : Forms of public undertakings. Their contribution to the economy; problems of autonomy and accountability. Changing role of the Public Sector in the context of liberalisation.

Section-B

8 Public Services : All India Services Constitutional position , role and functions. Central Services : nature and functions. Union Public Service Commission. State Services and the State Public Service Commissions. Training in the changing context of governance.
9. Control of Public Expenditure. Parliamentary control Estimates Committee, Public Accounts Committee, Committee on Public Undertakings, Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Role of the Finance Ministry in monetary and fiscal policy area, co-ordination and economy in expenditure.
10. Administrative Reforms : Reforms since independence. Reports of the Administrative Reforms Commission, Problems of implementation.
11. Machinery for Planning : Role, composition and review of functions of the Planning Commission; Role of the National Development Council. Process of Plan formulation at Union and State levels. Decentralized planning.
12. Administration of Law and Order : Role of Central and State Agencies in maintenance of law and order. Criminalisation of politics and administration.
13. Welfare Administration : Machinery for welfare administration at the national and state levels. Central Social Welfare Board and the State, Social Welfare Boards. Special organizations for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Welfare Programmes for women and children. Problems of child labor. Role of civil society.
14. Major issues in Indian Administration : problems of Centre-State Relations; Relationship between political and permanent Executives. Values in Public Service and Administrative Culture. Lok Pal and Lok Ayuktas. Development and environmental issues. Impact of information Technology on Public Administration. Indian Administration and Globalisation.

The key to success is Time Management and therefore it becomes important to squeeze out the most out of even a second.

In order to manage your day, it is better to have a personal sense of time log; this will help you track how you spend the day. Divide each day for a period of two weeks into one hour intervals and write down what are you going to do in the two slots. Under them you can divide the activities and examine your time log. You may come to know that very little time goes into top priority works and more time is wasted in coffee breaks, chatting and receiving phone calls. Try to deduce the time spent on these ineffective activities or stop doing them altogether. After cutting down on these things you will find that your efficiency level is increasing and obviously the end results will be on your side. Also, just take a look at the following points, as these can prove to be helpful while u prepare:

• While preparing for a set of subjects in IAS syllabus, ensure that you would be appearing for a multiple choice question papers, where subjects such as iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History, maths and geography may prove to be highly scoring. Choose subjects whose preparation material like IAS Exam Material books, IAS Comprehension Test, reading material and guidance books are easily available in the market.
• Your General Knowledge will definitely pay in your IAS prelims examination which can be improved through keeping a tab on day to day happenings by reading newspaper, watching television news, etc.
• For all those who are lucky enough to clear IAS mains and reach interview stage, then bookish knowledge itself won’t do. Mind alertness counts when somebody asks tricky questions on “how many steps you walked to reach the office?”
• Improving the personality is quite important as this will definitely be one of the criteria for selection. Physical and mental wellbeing is quite important for IPS.
• Try to enhance your communication skills as the civil servants must be proficient in at least one foreign language.