GEOGRAPHY
Paper- II
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

INSTRUCTIONS

Candidates should attempt all question strictly in accordance with the instructions given under each questions.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch map and diagrams.

1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write brief notes (not exceeding 30 words each) on the significant aspects of the same ten entries: 6×10=60

(a). Nagarjuna Sagar

(b). Dharmasala

(c). Aizawl

(d). Konkan Railway

(e). Kovalam Beach

(f). NagaIjuna Sagar

(g). Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary

(h). ICRISAT

(i). Vishakhapatnam Port

(j). Panna

(k). Nuclear Fuel Complex

(l). Gurgaon

(m). Bodh Gaya

2. Explain the different views put forth about the origin of Himalayas and divide Himalayas into vertical divisions. 60

3. Discuss the need of conservation and utility of water resource in India. 60

4.”The institutional factors have grip over the crop pattern and crop productivity on Indian agriculture.” Justify. 60

Section-B

5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

a) Discuss the policies and programmes of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in India.

(b) Explain the causes and consequences of migration.

(e) Write a critical note on the Cauvery River Dispute.

(d) Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.

6. Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberalization on the Industrial Economy Pattern of India. 60

7. Discuss environmental problems of India in the context of rapid economic development and population growth. 60

8.”Slums are urban menace.” Elucidate with Indian cities as examples. 60

Paper – I
Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. .All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION – A

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) : (a) Sociology as an interpretative discipline

(b) A good hypothesis

(c) Anomie

(d) Types of mobility

2. Is it possible to study social phenomenon scientifically ? Give a critical answer.

3. Critically examine Max Weber’s theory of social action and its limitations.

4. Discuss Talcott Parsons’ contribution to the analysis of social system.

SECTION-B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :
(a) Fundamentals of religion

(b) Concept of social movement

(c) Role of education in social development

(d) Industrialization and social change

6. “Education is an instrument of social control and social change,” Critically examine the statement.

7. What are the problems of universalisation of primary education ? Discuss fully.

8. Explain the concept of social change. Critically examine the contribution of Karl Marx’s theory of social change.

Paper – II

SECTION A
1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words each)
(a) Pluralism and national unity

(b) Industrial class structure in India

(c) Impact of Islam on Indian society

(d) Social consequences of occupational diversification

2. Outline the social factors related to generation gap. How has the generation gap led to the problems of youth unrest ?

3. Describe the sociocultural background of the political elites of contemporary India. What has been the influence of their background on their political orientations ?

4. Caste is becoming weaker and stronger at the same time in present day India. ‘ Discuss the factors responsible for continuity and change.

SECTION-B
5. Write short on any three of the following (in not more than 200 words each) :

(a) Social proVirtual of slums

(b) Social dimensions of drug addiction

(c) Issues of tribal identity

(d) Communal tensions in India

6. Describe the role played by education in social mobility.
Do you think that education has been the most important factor in accelerating social mobility in modern Indian society ? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

7. What changes have taken place in the tribal social stratification pattern in recent times ? Describe the factors responsible for these changes.

8. Describe the factors related to social movements. In the light of these factors explain the emergence of peasant movement in India.

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section-A

1.History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.

II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.

III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.

IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.

V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.

VI. Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.

VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.

VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.

IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.

X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.

XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B

2. History of Hindi Literature.

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.

Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B : Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.

Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C: Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.

Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.

D : Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.

Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & Realism

B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.

C. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.

D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.

E. Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.

C. The development of Hindi Theature.

V. Criticism

A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.

B : Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Hindi.

This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)

2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)

3. Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).

4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)

5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)

6. Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati

7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)

8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).

9. Dinkar : Kurushetra

10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)

11. Muktiboth : Brahma Rakshas

12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B

1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha

2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din

3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I)

(Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai, Manjusha – Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai

6. Prasad : Skandgupta

7. Yashpal : Divya

8. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal

9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

PAPER – I

SECTION-A

1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on places plotted by you on the map:

(1) Mohenjodaro (2) Burzahom

(3) Inamgaon (4) Sannathi

(5) Kaveripattinam (6) Sisupalgarh

(7) Anuradhapura (8) Karnasuvarna

(9) Chittagong (10) Chitore

(11) Pratishthana (12) Vidisa

(13) Hampi (14) Warangal

(15) Diu (16) Seringapatam

(17) Debal (18) Fatehpur Sikri

(19) Bijapur (20) Sasaram

2. Determine the extent of the Mauryan empire.

3. Assess the status of women in India from c. 4th century BC to AD 6th century.

4. What are the salient features of the administrative system of the Guptas ?

SECTION-B

5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following:

(a) The Samanta system

(b) The Bahmani kingdom

(c) Mughal painting

(d) Chaianyadeva and Vaishnavism

6. Give your opinion on the urban development in India during the Mughal times.

7. “The tenets of Hindu and Muslim mystics were similar enough that the ground was ripe for syncretic movements involving adherents of both religious.”Elucidate.

8. How would you like to characterize the eighteenth century in Indian history?

PAPER – II – 2005

SECTION-A (Modern India)

1. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each:20×3=60

(a) ‘Upon the whole, then, I conclude that the treaty of Bassein was wise, just and a politic measure.’

(b) ‘Whatever might have been its original character, it (Rebellion of 1857) soon became a symbol of challenge to the mighty British power in India ‘

(c) ‘The impact of government on the people meant essentially the impact of government on the village.’

(d) ‘The national democratic awakening of the Indian people found expression also in the religious sphere.’

2. Examine the essential principles of the Subsidiary Alliance system. How far did it contribute in making the British Company the supreme sovereign authority in India? 60

3. Trace the development of the famine policy of the British in India 1876 and 1921. Did it provide relief to the people? 60

4. Analyse the factors responsible for the Civil Disobedience movement (1930-31). How far were its aims realised in the Government of India Act of 1935 ? 60

SECTION-B

(World History)

5. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

(a) ‘Though reform was inevitable, the Act (1832) by which it was accomplished was open to grave criticism.’

(b) ‘The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution.’

(c) ‘They have stopped me from making Italy by diplomacy from the North, I will make it by revolution from the South.’

(d) ‘The Russian Revolution (1917) was an economic explosion hastened by the stupidities of the autocratic Government’

6. ‘What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution?

Do you agree with Beard’s view of the constitution being an Economic Document? 60

7. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution of 1949 and analyse its significance. 60

8. Critically examine the various dimensions and phases of the cold war between 1947 and 1962. 60

Commerce Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Part-I

Accounting and Auditing ;
Accounting
Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information.
Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions,
Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of non profit organization.
Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible Debentures.
Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds-Societal obligations of Accounting.

Auditing
- Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.
- Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.
- Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
- Evaluation of internal controls.
- Test checking and sampling.
- Broad outlines of company audit.
- Audit of non-corporate enterprises.
- Internal and management audit.

Part-II

Business Organization
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor
Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.
Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance.

Management
Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.
Coordination-Concept, types, methods.
Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wage administration-Job evaluation.
Organization Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception.
Management of change; Crisis Management.
Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organization and Methods (O & M)

Company Law
Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies.
Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

History Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organization; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organization of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni’s “India”. Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “Slave” Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlugs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitts India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labor.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of “Extremism” and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 – the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehrus vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression. History Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper-I
Section-A
1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.
3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.
4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.
7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashokas inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts.
10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political histroy of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosphical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.

Section-B
13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. ” Indian feudalism”. Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharyas vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The “slave” Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. “The Khalji Revolution”. Early Sultanate architecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khaljis conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluqs major “projects”. Firuz Tughluqs concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.
18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shahs administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). Regional cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a “trade revolution”. Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizams Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

Paper-II
Section-A
1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and “deindustrialisation”, Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organization).
3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise; Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress Karachi resolution, 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhis leadership: Gandhis career, thought and methods of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State Peoples Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement:
a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.
10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam Bharati, Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,); Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition; Gandhijis murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.

Section-B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas
#1. Renaissance Background
#2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
#3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
#4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)

14. Origins of Modern Politics
#1. European States System
#2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
#3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
#4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists.

15. Industriatization
#1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
#2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
#3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.

16. Nation-State System
#1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
#2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy
#3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.

17. Imperialism and Colonialism
#1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests)
#2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia.
#3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism

18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
#1. 19th Century European revolutions
#2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
#3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
#4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949

19. World Wars
#1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
#2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
#3. World War II : Political Consequence
20. Cold War

#1. Emergence of Two Blocs
#2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
#3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
21. Colonial Liberation

#1. Latin America-Bolivar
#2. Arab World-Egypt
#3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
#4. South-East Asia-Vietnam

22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment
#1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth
#2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa

23. Unification of Europe
#1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
#2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.

24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World
#1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991
#2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992
#3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
#4. Globalization

Sociology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks

Q. 1.  Write short notes on any- three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Sociology and social anthropology

(b) Problem of objectivity in social research

(c) Alienation

(d) Role conflict

Q. 2. Emile Durkheim had argued that the function of division of labour in society is that of the promotion of social solidarity. Elaborate the statement and analyse the distinction between two forms of’ solidarity discussed by him.

Q. 3. How does social structure produce a strain toward anomie and deviant behaviour ? Examine it with reference to Robert K. Merton’s contribution to this field of study.

Q. 4. Discuss the factors responsible for changing structure of family in modern societies.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Inter-generational mobility

(b) Social determinants of economic development

(c) ‘Relative Deprivation’

(d) Role of pressure groups in democracy

Q. 6. Pitirim A. Sorokin sees the course of history as a continuous but irregular fluctuation between two basically different kinds of culture. While explaining this stand of Sorokin, analyse whether it is appropriate to characterise such a notion of change as a cyclical theory of social change.

Q. 7. Is ideology an essential component of a social movement? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from some contemporary social movements.

Q. 8. Critically examine functional and dysfunctional aspects of religion.

Sociology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Write notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Impact of Buddhism on Indian society

(b) Caste among Indian Christians

(c) Consequences of globalisation for India

(d) Educational inequalities in India

Q. 2. Which means of social mobility were available in the traditional caste system ? Describe the form of social mobility in contemporary Indian society.

Q. 3. Critically examine the protective discrimination policy for the disadvantaged groups in India. Would you suggest any change in this police ?

Q. 4. What have been the functions of democracy in India ? Has democracy been successful in eliminating some of the traditional social inequalities ?

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Write notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Religious fundamentalism

(b) Socio-cultural factors related to declining proportion of females in sex-ratio

(c) Self-respect movement

(d) Social correlates of prostitution

Q. 6. Critically examine various tribal policies. Which tribal policy would you advocate for tribal development in India and why ?

Q. 7. Do you agree with the view that slums are areas of darkness and despair ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Q. 8. Critically evaluate the child welfare programmes in India. Have they benefited all sections of children in India ?