Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Administrative efficiency is enhanced by keeping at a minimum the number of organizational levels through which a matter must pass before it is acted upon.” – (Herbert A. Simon) 20

(b) “A science of administration would be a body of for mal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypotheses that are applicable to concrete situations.” – (Fritz Morstein Marx)  20

(c) … “a more thorough consideration leads to the understanding that communication, authority, specialisation and purpose are all aspects comprehended in coordination.”- (Chester I. Barnard)  20

(d) “Political environment conditions administrative system.” – (F. W Riggs) 20

Q. 2. “… The paradigms of public administration may be understood in terms of locus an focus.”  -  Golembiewski

In the light of the above statement describe the “five-paradigms” of Nicholas Henry about the evolution of the discipline of public administration. 60

Q. 3. “Information constitutes the life-blood of the functioning of organization.” In the light of this statement, explain the utility and importance of communication in decision-making. 60

Q. 4. What opportunities are available to All India Services and state services in career development ? Do you agree that days of generalists in modern administrative state are
numbered ?  60

SECTION `B’

Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Budget as an instrument of socio-economic transformation. 20

(b) Judicial control over administration in India and concept of judicial activism. 20

(c) Effectiveness and utility of Central and State Administrative Tribunals. 20

(b) Work study and work-measurement in Indian Administration. 20

Q.6. Give reasons for the failure of Government of India to introduce the performance programme budgetary technique in Union Ministries. What type of budgetary system is being currently practised in India and why ? 60

Q. 7. “The weakest aspect of Indian Administrative System is utter disregard of accountability.” Examine the current mechanism for enforcing accountability. What steps are necessary to make it more effective ? 60

Q. 8. Critically examine the approach and methodology adopted by Fred W. Riggs in his study of prismatic and sala societies. What is valid-content of Raj Krishna’s criticism of refraction ? 60

Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “The period of British rule generated most of the structural and behavioural values of Indian Administration not by imitation but through interaction.”

(b) “Though the dictatorship of the Cabinet is a stark reality in modern times, it does not mean that the Cabinet is omnipotent.”

(c) “National Development Council, it seems, is like a super-Cabinet.”

(d) “Indian Constitution confers vast legislative powers on the President.”

Q. 2. “Among several other problems, the Problem of financial relationship is perhaps the most complex one.” Explain in the context of recent developments in Union-State relations in India.

Q. 3. (a) “The leadership qualities of a civil servant are tested most during his tenure as the Cabinet Secretary – a dream-post for even-bureaucrat.- Elucidate.

(b) “All India Services play a crucial unifying role in the whole administrative system of the country.” Explain.

Q.4. Discuss the major problems of management and working of Public Sector Undertakings in India. Give suggestions in the light of liberalization policy to improve their performance.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Maintenance of law and order is a State subject but the Union Government can deploy armed forces in any State.”

(b) “Most administrative reforms have a political cost.”

(c) “It is a major challenge to balance the role of District Collector with the powers of democratic bodies.”

(d) “A middle way- should be worked out to utilize the services of both generalists and specialists for the national development.”

Q. 6. Do you think that our administration is sensitive to public grievances ? Discuss the existing grievances redressal mechanism and give suggestions for enhancing its capabilities.

Q. 7. (a) “Reservation policy and its implementation has had some positive impact in relative terms on the socio-economic development of the SCs and STs but it is very meagre in absolute terms. Comment.

(b) “In the Chief Secretary, the State Government has an officer whose counterpart does not obtain in the Union Government.’ Elucidate.

Q. 8. Do you agree that globalization, liberalization and privatization policies are going to change the very fabric of Indian Administration ? What, according to you, are the major challenges before it in the 21st century ?

General Studies – 2003 (Main)

(Paper – I)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Candidate should attempt All questions strictly in accordance with instructions given under each question.

1. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words)(30 marks)
* “The reforms of 1909 introduced a cardinal problem and ground of controversy at every revision of the Indian electoral system.” Comment.
* Discuss the problem that impeded the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union. How were these problems tackled?

2. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* ‘The mainstay of Mahatma Gandhi’s movements was the rural India.’ Elucidate.
* Discuss the character of major tribal uprisings in British India in the nineteenth Century.
* Bring out the ideological basis of the Moderate-Extermist divide in the Indian National Congress.

3. Write notes on the following: (about 20 words ) (15 X 2 = 30 marks)
* Arthasastra
* Saranath Pillar
* The Jatiya Sarkar of Tamluk
* Punnapra-Vayalar
* Sajjad Zahir
* Al-Hilal
* Har Dayal
* Khudai Khidmatgar
* Mahayana Cult
* W.W. Hunter
* Indu Lal Yajnik
* Achhut Patwardhan
* Sir William Jones
* James Wilson
* Ghulam-giri.

4. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* Describe the major characteristics of the rivers of Peninsular India.
* Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction industries in the Saurashtra and South Tamilnadu Coast.
* State the four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history.

5. write short notes on the following: (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Define Terai Region.
* Mention the areas of Shola forests in India.
* Who are the Todas and where do they live?
* Name any four priccipal languages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
* What is MRTS? Where it is in operation?

6. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the question of death sentence and Presidential clemency.
* Explain the discretionary powers of the Governor of a State.

7. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* Highlight the signifucance of Forty Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India
* Identify the major Fundamental Duties
* Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second chamber in the federal set up of Indian Parliamentary System.

8. Answer the following: (about 20 words) (2 X 5 = 10 marks)
* What is a point of order? When can it be raised?
* What is a Privilege Motion?
* State the difference between Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
* How is the Vice President of India elected?
* What is meant by ‘sine-die’ adjournment?

9. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the steps taken by Government to check child labour and promote child welfare.
* Suggest measures for the eradication of wide spread corruption in Public Life in India.

10. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* The issue of gender equality in India.
* Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage.
* Identify the types of disabilities.

11. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* What are the distinctive features of the Lokpal Bill introduced in the Parliament this year?
* What is the Prime Minister’s Five-Point agenda fir India’s development as a Knowledge Society?
* What are the precinditions for the growth of Civil Society? Is Indian democracy conducive to it?

12. Write about the following (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Anthrax
* Radiation and its effects
* The Statue of Liberty
* George Walker Bush
* Genome.

Psychology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) What is the basic difference between the experimental and correlational methods of psychology?

(b) How do models help in the process of socialization ?

(c) How can the contributions of heredity and environment be isolated in the study of human behaviour.

(d) How can the phenomenon of perceptual defence be demonstrated experimentally ?

Q. 2. Explain how operant conditioning be used to establish behaviour which is not spontaneously emitted by an organism.

Q. 3. Giving an account of Piagets’s theory of cognitive development bring out the difference in the modes of thinking at different stages of development.

Q. 4. What is the theoretical and utilitarian justification of the concepts of aptitude and intelligence

SECTION `B’

Q. 5. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) How is perception of inanimate objects different from the person perception ?

(b) What is the importance of discrimination and generalization in learning ?

(c) Is national character a valid concept ?

(d) How experimenter effects and demand characteristics influence the findings of an experimental study ?

Q. 6. Illustrate and discuss the salient features of motivated behaviour.

Q. 7. Critically examine the optimistic conclusions of humanistic theories regarding human nature and existence.

Q. 8. Discuss the problems encountered in the use of verbal statements as the items of attitude scales.

Psychology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Briefly describe the classification of psychological discorders.

(b) Show your acquaintance with atleast am one theory of group behaviour.

(c) Show conceptual relationship between social change and organizational change.

(d) How can cognitive therapy help a person develop his cognition ?

Q. 2. There have been various leadership and management theories and styles. Which one of them do you consider to be the most suitable in the Indian condition ? Give reasons.

Q. 3. Discuss Maslow’s theory of need-hierarchy. Can Maslow’s theory be applied-to industries ?

Q. 4. What is stress? Can you suggest some Indian techniques for stress management ? Elaborate.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Describe the concept of deprivation.

(b) Give your idea about nosological systems of metal disorders.

(c) How can you motivate people to achieve ?

(d) Discuss the impact of television in opinion formation.

Q. 6. Highlight the problems of alcoholism and drug addiction. Suggest measures to fight them.

Q. 7. Discuss the psychological theories and contributions of psychology in effective advertising.

Q. 8. What is organizational communication ? What will be the form of organizational communication in the 21st century because of the advent of information technology ?

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Hindi.

Section-A

1.History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.

II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.

III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.

IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.

V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.

VI. Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.

VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.

VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.

IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.

X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.

XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B

2. History of Hindi Literature.

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.

Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B : Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.

Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C: Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.

Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.

D : Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.

Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & Realism

B. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.

C. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.

D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.

E. Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.

B. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.

C. The development of Hindi Theature.

V. Criticism

A : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.

B : Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Hindi.

This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)

2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)

3. Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).

4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)

5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)

6. Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati

7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)

8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).

9. Dinkar : Kurushetra

10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)

11. Muktiboth : Brahma Rakshas

12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B

1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha

2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din

3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I)

(Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)

4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.

5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai, Manjusha – Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai

6. Prasad : Skandgupta

7. Yashpal : Divya

8. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal

9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj

10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

Commerce Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Part-I

Accounting and Auditing ;
Accounting
Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information.
Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions,
Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of non profit organization.
Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible Debentures.
Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds-Societal obligations of Accounting.

Auditing
- Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.
- Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.
- Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
- Evaluation of internal controls.
- Test checking and sampling.
- Broad outlines of company audit.
- Audit of non-corporate enterprises.
- Internal and management audit.

Part-II

Business Organization
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor
Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.
Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance.

Management
Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.
Coordination-Concept, types, methods.
Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wage administration-Job evaluation.
Organization Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception.
Management of change; Crisis Management.
Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organization and Methods (O & M)

Company Law
Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies.
Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

History Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organization; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organization of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni’s “India”. Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “Slave” Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlugs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitts India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labor.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of “Extremism” and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 – the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehrus vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression. History Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper-I
Section-A
1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.
3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.
4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.
7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashokas inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts.
10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political histroy of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosphical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.

Section-B
13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. ” Indian feudalism”. Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharyas vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The “slave” Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. “The Khalji Revolution”. Early Sultanate architecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khaljis conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluqs major “projects”. Firuz Tughluqs concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.
18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shahs administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). Regional cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a “trade revolution”. Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizams Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

Paper-II
Section-A
1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and “deindustrialisation”, Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organization).
3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise; Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress Karachi resolution, 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhis leadership: Gandhis career, thought and methods of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State Peoples Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement:
a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.
10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam Bharati, Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,); Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition; Gandhijis murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.

Section-B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas
#1. Renaissance Background
#2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
#3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
#4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)

14. Origins of Modern Politics
#1. European States System
#2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
#3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
#4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists.

15. Industriatization
#1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
#2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
#3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.

16. Nation-State System
#1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
#2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy
#3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.

17. Imperialism and Colonialism
#1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests)
#2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia.
#3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism

18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
#1. 19th Century European revolutions
#2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
#3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
#4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949

19. World Wars
#1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
#2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
#3. World War II : Political Consequence
20. Cold War

#1. Emergence of Two Blocs
#2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
#3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
21. Colonial Liberation

#1. Latin America-Bolivar
#2. Arab World-Egypt
#3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
#4. South-East Asia-Vietnam

22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment
#1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth
#2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa

23. Unification of Europe
#1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
#2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.

24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World
#1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991
#2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992
#3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
#4. Globalization

Sociology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks

Q. 1.  Write short notes on any- three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Sociology and social anthropology

(b) Problem of objectivity in social research

(c) Alienation

(d) Role conflict

Q. 2. Emile Durkheim had argued that the function of division of labour in society is that of the promotion of social solidarity. Elaborate the statement and analyse the distinction between two forms of’ solidarity discussed by him.

Q. 3. How does social structure produce a strain toward anomie and deviant behaviour ? Examine it with reference to Robert K. Merton’s contribution to this field of study.

Q. 4. Discuss the factors responsible for changing structure of family in modern societies.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following (each note should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Inter-generational mobility

(b) Social determinants of economic development

(c) ‘Relative Deprivation’

(d) Role of pressure groups in democracy

Q. 6. Pitirim A. Sorokin sees the course of history as a continuous but irregular fluctuation between two basically different kinds of culture. While explaining this stand of Sorokin, analyse whether it is appropriate to characterise such a notion of change as a cyclical theory of social change.

Q. 7. Is ideology an essential component of a social movement? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from some contemporary social movements.

Q. 8. Critically examine functional and dysfunctional aspects of religion.

Sociology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Write notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Impact of Buddhism on Indian society

(b) Caste among Indian Christians

(c) Consequences of globalisation for India

(d) Educational inequalities in India

Q. 2. Which means of social mobility were available in the traditional caste system ? Describe the form of social mobility in contemporary Indian society.

Q. 3. Critically examine the protective discrimination policy for the disadvantaged groups in India. Would you suggest any change in this police ?

Q. 4. What have been the functions of democracy in India ? Has democracy been successful in eliminating some of the traditional social inequalities ?

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Write notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Religious fundamentalism

(b) Socio-cultural factors related to declining proportion of females in sex-ratio

(c) Self-respect movement

(d) Social correlates of prostitution

Q. 6. Critically examine various tribal policies. Which tribal policy would you advocate for tribal development in India and why ?

Q. 7. Do you agree with the view that slums are areas of darkness and despair ? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Q. 8. Critically evaluate the child welfare programmes in India. Have they benefited all sections of children in India ?