GEOGRAPHY
Paper- II
Time Allowed: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 300

INSTRUCTIONS

Candidates should attempt all question strictly in accordance with the instructions given under each questions.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch map and diagrams.

1. Mark on the outline map of India supplied any ten of the following entries. Write brief notes (not exceeding 30 words each) on the significant aspects of the same ten entries: 6×10=60

(a). Nagarjuna Sagar

(b). Dharmasala

(c). Aizawl

(d). Konkan Railway

(e). Kovalam Beach

(f). NagaIjuna Sagar

(g). Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary

(h). ICRISAT

(i). Vishakhapatnam Port

(j). Panna

(k). Nuclear Fuel Complex

(l). Gurgaon

(m). Bodh Gaya

2. Explain the different views put forth about the origin of Himalayas and divide Himalayas into vertical divisions. 60

3. Discuss the need of conservation and utility of water resource in India. 60

4.”The institutional factors have grip over the crop pattern and crop productivity on Indian agriculture.” Justify. 60

Section-B

5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

a) Discuss the policies and programmes of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in India.

(b) Explain the causes and consequences of migration.

(e) Write a critical note on the Cauvery River Dispute.

(d) Critically examine the Panchayati Raj setup.

6. Bring out the impact of multinationals and liberalization on the Industrial Economy Pattern of India. 60

7. Discuss environmental problems of India in the context of rapid economic development and population growth. 60

8.”Slums are urban menace.” Elucidate with Indian cities as examples. 60

Time Allowed: 3 Hours
Maximum       Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Question 1 and 2 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.

1. On the outline map of India provided, mark the following, and also write in your answer-book in not more than ten words, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each of them :

(a) Farakka barrage

(b) Kavaratti

(c) Manali-leh highway

(d) Majuli riverain island

(e) Rajmahal hills

(f) Palghat gap

(g) Chhattisgarh plain

(h) Luni river

(i) Karwar

(j) Anandpur Sahib
OR
On the outline map of World provided, mark the following, and also write in your answer-book in not more than ten words, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each of them :

(a) Greenwich

(b) Caribbean Sea

(c) Eritrea

(d) West Bank

(e) Dakshin Gangotri

(f) Vatican City State

(g) Great Dividing Range

(h) Tai-pei

(i) Alaska

(j) Chagai hills

2. Write short notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each :

(a) Cs type of climate, as per Koeppen’s .classification

(b) Submarine canyons

(c) Gravity model

(d) Primate city

SECTION A

3. Bring out the distinctions between the ‘continental drift’ theory and the ‘plate tectonics’ theory.

4. Make a comparative study of the tropical and temperate cyclones.

5. Discuss the relevance of ‘watershed’, as an ecosystem for the purpose of sustainable development.

SECTION B

6. Describe the sequence of major paradigm shifts in geo- graphic thought during the twentieth century.

7. Bring out the contrast between the internal structure of the pre-industrial and industrial cities.

8. How far do the patterns of economic development and those of human development correspond with each other in the world ? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Geography – 1999 (Main) (Paper – II)
Candidates should Questions 1and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks. Illustrate your answers with suitable sketch-maps and diagrams.

SECTION A

1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each

(a) Evaluate the feasibility of the proposed Ganga-Cauveri drainage link.

(b) Discuss the role of institutional factors in the efficiency and productivity of agriculture in India.

(c) Examine the resources of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

(d) Bring out the present-day position of exploitation and processing of nuclear minerals in India.

2. Critically examine the problems and prospects of tribal areas in India.

3. Discuss the cropping patterns in different agricultural regions of India.

4. Examine the pattern of distribution and mode of exploitation of bauxite in India.

SECTION B

5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each

(a) Examine the importance of industrial estates in India.

(b) Discuss the geographical control of rural settlement pattern in India.

(c) Explain the role of railways as a unifying factor in Indian economy.

(d) Discuss the geopolitical importance of Indian Ocean area.

6. Bring out the trands in the development of fertilizer industry in India.

7. Discuss the concept of city region and referring to Indian cities, examine critically functional indicators used for delimiting the city region.

8. Discuss the role of languages in regional consciousness and national integration in India.

Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Administrative efficiency is enhanced by keeping at a minimum the number of organizational levels through which a matter must pass before it is acted upon.” – (Herbert A. Simon) 20

(b) “A science of administration would be a body of for mal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypotheses that are applicable to concrete situations.” – (Fritz Morstein Marx)  20

(c) … “a more thorough consideration leads to the understanding that communication, authority, specialisation and purpose are all aspects comprehended in coordination.”- (Chester I. Barnard)  20

(d) “Political environment conditions administrative system.” – (F. W Riggs) 20

Q. 2. “… The paradigms of public administration may be understood in terms of locus an focus.”  -  Golembiewski

In the light of the above statement describe the “five-paradigms” of Nicholas Henry about the evolution of the discipline of public administration. 60

Q. 3. “Information constitutes the life-blood of the functioning of organization.” In the light of this statement, explain the utility and importance of communication in decision-making. 60

Q. 4. What opportunities are available to All India Services and state services in career development ? Do you agree that days of generalists in modern administrative state are
numbered ?  60

SECTION `B’

Q. 5. Write short notes on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) Budget as an instrument of socio-economic transformation. 20

(b) Judicial control over administration in India and concept of judicial activism. 20

(c) Effectiveness and utility of Central and State Administrative Tribunals. 20

(b) Work study and work-measurement in Indian Administration. 20

Q.6. Give reasons for the failure of Government of India to introduce the performance programme budgetary technique in Union Ministries. What type of budgetary system is being currently practised in India and why ? 60

Q. 7. “The weakest aspect of Indian Administrative System is utter disregard of accountability.” Examine the current mechanism for enforcing accountability. What steps are necessary to make it more effective ? 60

Q. 8. Critically examine the approach and methodology adopted by Fred W. Riggs in his study of prismatic and sala societies. What is valid-content of Raj Krishna’s criticism of refraction ? 60

Public Administration – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.
Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.
Candidates should attempt questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any THREE of the remaining questions selecting at least ONE question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “The period of British rule generated most of the structural and behavioural values of Indian Administration not by imitation but through interaction.”

(b) “Though the dictatorship of the Cabinet is a stark reality in modern times, it does not mean that the Cabinet is omnipotent.”

(c) “National Development Council, it seems, is like a super-Cabinet.”

(d) “Indian Constitution confers vast legislative powers on the President.”

Q. 2. “Among several other problems, the Problem of financial relationship is perhaps the most complex one.” Explain in the context of recent developments in Union-State relations in India.

Q. 3. (a) “The leadership qualities of a civil servant are tested most during his tenure as the Cabinet Secretary – a dream-post for even-bureaucrat.- Elucidate.

(b) “All India Services play a crucial unifying role in the whole administrative system of the country.” Explain.

Q.4. Discuss the major problems of management and working of Public Sector Undertakings in India. Give suggestions in the light of liberalization policy to improve their performance.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) “Maintenance of law and order is a State subject but the Union Government can deploy armed forces in any State.”

(b) “Most administrative reforms have a political cost.”

(c) “It is a major challenge to balance the role of District Collector with the powers of democratic bodies.”

(d) “A middle way- should be worked out to utilize the services of both generalists and specialists for the national development.”

Q. 6. Do you think that our administration is sensitive to public grievances ? Discuss the existing grievances redressal mechanism and give suggestions for enhancing its capabilities.

Q. 7. (a) “Reservation policy and its implementation has had some positive impact in relative terms on the socio-economic development of the SCs and STs but it is very meagre in absolute terms. Comment.

(b) “In the Chief Secretary, the State Government has an officer whose counterpart does not obtain in the Union Government.’ Elucidate.

Q. 8. Do you agree that globalization, liberalization and privatization policies are going to change the very fabric of Indian Administration ? What, according to you, are the major challenges before it in the 21st century ?

General Studies – 2003 (Main)

(Paper – I)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Candidate should attempt All questions strictly in accordance with instructions given under each question.

1. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words)(30 marks)
* “The reforms of 1909 introduced a cardinal problem and ground of controversy at every revision of the Indian electoral system.” Comment.
* Discuss the problem that impeded the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union. How were these problems tackled?

2. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* ‘The mainstay of Mahatma Gandhi’s movements was the rural India.’ Elucidate.
* Discuss the character of major tribal uprisings in British India in the nineteenth Century.
* Bring out the ideological basis of the Moderate-Extermist divide in the Indian National Congress.

3. Write notes on the following: (about 20 words ) (15 X 2 = 30 marks)
* Arthasastra
* Saranath Pillar
* The Jatiya Sarkar of Tamluk
* Punnapra-Vayalar
* Sajjad Zahir
* Al-Hilal
* Har Dayal
* Khudai Khidmatgar
* Mahayana Cult
* W.W. Hunter
* Indu Lal Yajnik
* Achhut Patwardhan
* Sir William Jones
* James Wilson
* Ghulam-giri.

4. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* Describe the major characteristics of the rivers of Peninsular India.
* Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction industries in the Saurashtra and South Tamilnadu Coast.
* State the four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history.

5. write short notes on the following: (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Define Terai Region.
* Mention the areas of Shola forests in India.
* Who are the Todas and where do they live?
* Name any four priccipal languages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
* What is MRTS? Where it is in operation?

6. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the question of death sentence and Presidential clemency.
* Explain the discretionary powers of the Governor of a State.

7. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* Highlight the signifucance of Forty Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India
* Identify the major Fundamental Duties
* Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second chamber in the federal set up of Indian Parliamentary System.

8. Answer the following: (about 20 words) (2 X 5 = 10 marks)
* What is a point of order? When can it be raised?
* What is a Privilege Motion?
* State the difference between Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
* How is the Vice President of India elected?
* What is meant by ‘sine-die’ adjournment?

9. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the steps taken by Government to check child labour and promote child welfare.
* Suggest measures for the eradication of wide spread corruption in Public Life in India.

10. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* The issue of gender equality in India.
* Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage.
* Identify the types of disabilities.

11. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* What are the distinctive features of the Lokpal Bill introduced in the Parliament this year?
* What is the Prime Minister’s Five-Point agenda fir India’s development as a Knowledge Society?
* What are the precinditions for the growth of Civil Society? Is Indian democracy conducive to it?

12. Write about the following (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Anthrax
* Radiation and its effects
* The Statue of Liberty
* George Walker Bush
* Genome.

Psychology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – I)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) What is the basic difference between the experimental and correlational methods of psychology?

(b) How do models help in the process of socialization ?

(c) How can the contributions of heredity and environment be isolated in the study of human behaviour.

(d) How can the phenomenon of perceptual defence be demonstrated experimentally ?

Q. 2. Explain how operant conditioning be used to establish behaviour which is not spontaneously emitted by an organism.

Q. 3. Giving an account of Piagets’s theory of cognitive development bring out the difference in the modes of thinking at different stages of development.

Q. 4. What is the theoretical and utilitarian justification of the concepts of aptitude and intelligence

SECTION `B’

Q. 5. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :

(a) How is perception of inanimate objects different from the person perception ?

(b) What is the importance of discrimination and generalization in learning ?

(c) Is national character a valid concept ?

(d) How experimenter effects and demand characteristics influence the findings of an experimental study ?

Q. 6. Illustrate and discuss the salient features of motivated behaviour.

Q. 7. Critically examine the optimistic conclusions of humanistic theories regarding human nature and existence.

Q. 8. Discuss the problems encountered in the use of verbal statements as the items of attitude scales.

Psychology – 2000 (Main) (Paper – II)

Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION  ‘A’

Q. 1.  Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Briefly describe the classification of psychological discorders.

(b) Show your acquaintance with atleast am one theory of group behaviour.

(c) Show conceptual relationship between social change and organizational change.

(d) How can cognitive therapy help a person develop his cognition ?

Q. 2. There have been various leadership and management theories and styles. Which one of them do you consider to be the most suitable in the Indian condition ? Give reasons.

Q. 3. Discuss Maslow’s theory of need-hierarchy. Can Maslow’s theory be applied-to industries ?

Q. 4. What is stress? Can you suggest some Indian techniques for stress management ? Elaborate.

SECTION ‘B’

Q. 5. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :

(a) Describe the concept of deprivation.

(b) Give your idea about nosological systems of metal disorders.

(c) How can you motivate people to achieve ?

(d) Discuss the impact of television in opinion formation.

Q. 6. Highlight the problems of alcoholism and drug addiction. Suggest measures to fight them.

Q. 7. Discuss the psychological theories and contributions of psychology in effective advertising.

Q. 8. What is organizational communication ? What will be the form of organizational communication in the 21st century because of the advent of information technology ?

Paper – I
Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions, selecting at least one question from each Section. .All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION – A

1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) : (a) Sociology as an interpretative discipline

(b) A good hypothesis

(c) Anomie

(d) Types of mobility

2. Is it possible to study social phenomenon scientifically ? Give a critical answer.

3. Critically examine Max Weber’s theory of social action and its limitations.

4. Discuss Talcott Parsons’ contribution to the analysis of social system.

SECTION-B
5. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words) :
(a) Fundamentals of religion

(b) Concept of social movement

(c) Role of education in social development

(d) Industrialization and social change

6. “Education is an instrument of social control and social change,” Critically examine the statement.

7. What are the problems of universalisation of primary education ? Discuss fully.

8. Explain the concept of social change. Critically examine the contribution of Karl Marx’s theory of social change.

Paper – II

SECTION A
1. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words each)
(a) Pluralism and national unity

(b) Industrial class structure in India

(c) Impact of Islam on Indian society

(d) Social consequences of occupational diversification

2. Outline the social factors related to generation gap. How has the generation gap led to the problems of youth unrest ?

3. Describe the sociocultural background of the political elites of contemporary India. What has been the influence of their background on their political orientations ?

4. Caste is becoming weaker and stronger at the same time in present day India. ‘ Discuss the factors responsible for continuity and change.

SECTION-B
5. Write short on any three of the following (in not more than 200 words each) :

(a) Social proVirtual of slums

(b) Social dimensions of drug addiction

(c) Issues of tribal identity

(d) Communal tensions in India

6. Describe the role played by education in social mobility.
Do you think that education has been the most important factor in accelerating social mobility in modern Indian society ? Give arguments in favour of your answer.

7. What changes have taken place in the tribal social stratification pattern in recent times ? Describe the factors responsible for these changes.

8. Describe the factors related to social movements. In the light of these factors explain the emergence of peasant movement in India.

Instructions

Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer book in the space provided for the purpose. No marks will be given for the answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.

Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section.

Assume suitable data if considered necessary and indicate the same clearly.

All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION A.

1. Answer any three of the following:

(a) Using the rocket equation and its integral find the final velocity of a single stage rocket. Given that (i) the velocity of the escaping gas is 2500 m/s, (ii) the rate of loss of mass is. (where m0) is the initial mass and 0.27 m0 is the final mass).

(b) Two spaceships are moving at a velocity of 0.9 c relative to the Earth in opposite directions. What is the speed of one spaceship relative to the other? (c = velocity of light)

(c) A wave is represented by – Find wavelength , velocity v, frequency f and the direction of propagation. If it interferes with another was given , find the amplitude and the phase of the resultant wave (All dimensions are in SI system).

(d) Derive the expression for resolving power of a diffraction grating with N lines. Calculate the minimum number of lines in the diffraction grating if it has to resolve the yellow lines of sodium (589.0 nm and 589.6 nm) in the first order.

2. (a) Using the Lagrangian for the system of a planet and the Sun obtain the equation of motion. Use them to get the equations for the orbit.

(b) Derive the relationship between the impact parameter and the scattering angle for the scattering of an particle of charge +2e by a nucleus of charge +Ze. Calculate the impact parameter for an angle of deflection of 30o if the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is 6×10-13 J.

3. (a) State Fermat’s principle. Apply it to get the laws of reflection from a plane surface.

(b) The phase velocity of the surface wave in a liquid of surface tension T and density is given by . Show that the group velocity vg of the surface wave is given by

3. (c) An observer A sees two events at the same space point () and separated in time by t=10-6 s. Another observer B sees them to be separated t’ = 3×10-6 s. What is the separation in space of the tow events as observed by B? What is the speed of B relative to A?

4. (a) How do you know that the light is a transverse wave? What is a quarter wave plate? How is it constructed?

(b) Discuss the Fresnel diffraction pattern formed by a straight edge using the Cornu’s spiral.

(c) In an experiment using a Michelson interferometer, explain with the help of suitable ray diagrams

(i) Why do we need extended source of light,

(ii) Why do we get circular fringes, and

(iii) Shifting of fringes inwards or outwards as we shift the movable mirror.

SECTION B

5. Solve any three of the following:

5. (a). Calculate the electric field for a point on the axis of a uniform ring of a charge ‘q’ and radis a. Where does the maximum value occur.

(b) Show that the potential energy of a charge Q uniformly distributed throughout the sphere of radius R is give by .

(c) Describe Carnot cycle and show that efficiency is given by , where the symbols have their usual meaning.

(d) Derive the Bose-Einsten distribution for an ideal gas.

6. (a) Using Kirchoff’s laws find currents in each branch of the circuit shown in the following diagram.

(b) A Geiger tube consists of a wire a wire of radius 0.2 mm and length 12 cm and a co-axial metallic cylinder of radius 1.5 cm and length 12 cm. Find

(i) the capacitance of the system, and

(ii) the charge per unit length of the wire when the potential difference between the wire and the cylinder is 1.2 kV.

(c) A series LCR circuit with L = 2 H, C = 2 F and R = 20 ohm is powered by a source of 100 volts and variable frequency. Find

(i) the resonance frequency, fo,

(ii) the value of Q

(iii) the width of resonance f and

(iv) the maximum current at resonance.

7. (a) Why did Maxwell have to introduce the idea of displacement current? Derive the wave equation from Maxwell’s laws. Obtain Fresnel’s formula for reflection and transmission coefficients of the electric vector when it is perpendicular to the plane of incidence.

(b) What are vector and scalar potentials for the electromagnetic field? Are they unique? Explain what are Coulomb’s and Lorentz gauges. Derive the electromagnetic wave equation in Lorentz gauge and show that it is equivalent to Maxwell’s equation.

8.(a) Discuss the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation. Obtain the expression for the condensation temperature. Briefly comment on observation of Bose-Einstein condensate.

(b) A bulb filament is constructed from a tungsten wire of length 2 cm and diameter 50 m. It is enclosed in a vacuum bulb. What temperature does it reach when it is operated at a power of 1 watt? Given:

(i) Emissivity of tungsten = 0.4

(ii) Stefan’s constant = 5.67×10-8 watt/m2K4.

PAPER – I

SECTION-A

1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on places plotted by you on the map:

(1) Mohenjodaro (2) Burzahom

(3) Inamgaon (4) Sannathi

(5) Kaveripattinam (6) Sisupalgarh

(7) Anuradhapura (8) Karnasuvarna

(9) Chittagong (10) Chitore

(11) Pratishthana (12) Vidisa

(13) Hampi (14) Warangal

(15) Diu (16) Seringapatam

(17) Debal (18) Fatehpur Sikri

(19) Bijapur (20) Sasaram

2. Determine the extent of the Mauryan empire.

3. Assess the status of women in India from c. 4th century BC to AD 6th century.

4. What are the salient features of the administrative system of the Guptas ?

SECTION-B

5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following:

(a) The Samanta system

(b) The Bahmani kingdom

(c) Mughal painting

(d) Chaianyadeva and Vaishnavism

6. Give your opinion on the urban development in India during the Mughal times.

7. “The tenets of Hindu and Muslim mystics were similar enough that the ground was ripe for syncretic movements involving adherents of both religious.”Elucidate.

8. How would you like to characterize the eighteenth century in Indian history?

PAPER – II – 2005

SECTION-A (Modern India)

1. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each:20×3=60

(a) ‘Upon the whole, then, I conclude that the treaty of Bassein was wise, just and a politic measure.’

(b) ‘Whatever might have been its original character, it (Rebellion of 1857) soon became a symbol of challenge to the mighty British power in India ‘

(c) ‘The impact of government on the people meant essentially the impact of government on the village.’

(d) ‘The national democratic awakening of the Indian people found expression also in the religious sphere.’

2. Examine the essential principles of the Subsidiary Alliance system. How far did it contribute in making the British Company the supreme sovereign authority in India? 60

3. Trace the development of the famine policy of the British in India 1876 and 1921. Did it provide relief to the people? 60

4. Analyse the factors responsible for the Civil Disobedience movement (1930-31). How far were its aims realised in the Government of India Act of 1935 ? 60

SECTION-B

(World History)

5. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

(a) ‘Though reform was inevitable, the Act (1832) by which it was accomplished was open to grave criticism.’

(b) ‘The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution.’

(c) ‘They have stopped me from making Italy by diplomacy from the North, I will make it by revolution from the South.’

(d) ‘The Russian Revolution (1917) was an economic explosion hastened by the stupidities of the autocratic Government’

6. ‘What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution?

Do you agree with Beard’s view of the constitution being an Economic Document? 60

7. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution of 1949 and analyse its significance. 60

8. Critically examine the various dimensions and phases of the cold war between 1947 and 1962. 60

Commerce Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Part-I

Accounting and Auditing ;
Accounting
Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information.
Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions,
Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of non profit organization.
Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible Debentures.
Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds-Societal obligations of Accounting.

Auditing
- Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.
- Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.
- Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
- Evaluation of internal controls.
- Test checking and sampling.
- Broad outlines of company audit.
- Audit of non-corporate enterprises.
- Internal and management audit.

Part-II

Business Organization
Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.
Sole Proprietor
Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.
Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance.

Management
Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.
Coordination-Concept, types, methods.
Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wage administration-Job evaluation.
Organization Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception.
Management of change; Crisis Management.
Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organization and Methods (O & M)

Company Law
Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies.
Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

History Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organization; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organization of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni’s “India”. Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “Slave” Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlugs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitts India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labor.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of “Extremism” and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 – the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehrus vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression. History Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper-I
Section-A
1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.
3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.
4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.
7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashokas inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts.
10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political histroy of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosphical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.

Section-B
13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. ” Indian feudalism”. Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharyas vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The “slave” Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. “The Khalji Revolution”. Early Sultanate architecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khaljis conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluqs major “projects”. Firuz Tughluqs concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.
18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shahs administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). Regional cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a “trade revolution”. Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizams Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

Paper-II
Section-A
1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and “deindustrialisation”, Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organization).
3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise; Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress Karachi resolution, 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhis leadership: Gandhis career, thought and methods of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State Peoples Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement:
a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.
10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam Bharati, Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,); Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition; Gandhijis murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.

Section-B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas
#1. Renaissance Background
#2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
#3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
#4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)

14. Origins of Modern Politics
#1. European States System
#2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
#3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
#4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists.

15. Industriatization
#1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
#2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
#3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.

16. Nation-State System
#1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
#2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy
#3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.

17. Imperialism and Colonialism
#1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests)
#2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia.
#3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism

18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
#1. 19th Century European revolutions
#2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
#3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
#4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949

19. World Wars
#1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
#2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
#3. World War II : Political Consequence
20. Cold War

#1. Emergence of Two Blocs
#2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
#3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
21. Colonial Liberation

#1. Latin America-Bolivar
#2. Arab World-Egypt
#3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
#4. South-East Asia-Vietnam

22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment
#1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth
#2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa

23. Unification of Europe
#1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
#2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.

24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World
#1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991
#2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992
#3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
#4. Globalization