PAPER  I

SECTION A

1. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: (20 x 3 = 60)

(a) “The advent of the concept of “roll back of the state” since the nineteen eighties has been altering the role of public administration but certainly not diminishing its central place in human society.” Discuss

(b) “Weberian model of bureaucracy lacks empirical validity when applied to modern democratic administration.” Examine.

(c) “The new public administration (NPM) is an incarnation of a new model of public sector management in response of the challenge of liberalization, international competitiveness and technological changes”. Explain.

(d) ‘Citizen’s charter’ is the most important innovation in the context of promotion of customer-orientation of administration”. Discuss.

2. Give an account of major landmarks in the growth of the discipline of public administration in the 20th century. What are the possible trends in its growth in the first decades of 21st century? (60)

3. Account for the increasing corruption in administration. Suggest remedies to curb administrative corruption. (60)

4. What is morale? State its significance and suggest methods to foster and sustain morale in an organization. (60)

SECTION B

5. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: (20 x 3 = 60)

(a) “Organization today seems to invest in information and information systems, but their investments often do not seem to make sense”. Comment.

(b) “development administration has two important aspects viz. ‘the administration of development and the development of administration’. Explain.

(c) “training is practical education in any profession, not only to improve skills but also to develop attitudes and scheme of values necessary for effective performance.” Elaborate.

(d) “Legislative controls over finances are inadequate and incomplete.” Comment.

6. Examine the needs adn facets of administrative reforms in the fast changing scenario of the 21st century. What are the obstacles to administrative reforms? Give suggestion to overcome them. (60)

7. Comment on the role of public administration in policy making and its implementation. What are the other factors influencing the policy process? (60)

8. What are the various institutional devices available for the redressal of citizen’s grievances against the excess and malfunctioning of administration? How successful have they been (60).

PAPER II

Time Allowed : Three Hours                                                                                                 Maximum Marks : 300

Candidates should attempt question 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section.  All questions carry equal marks.

SECTION – A

1. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each: (3 x 20 = 60)

(a) “The Arthashastra is India’s oldest complete text on public administration”.

(b) “Though india emerged as a sovereign state after independence, the administrative system remained the same as was during the British period”.

(c) “Despite all the powers that he has, the Indian prime minister cannot become a dictator.

(d) “district collector has increasingly become multi dimensional”.

2. “Looking back to our past experience, the fear that the emergency provisions can be misused have at times proved right and wrong at other times. Discuss with examples. (60)

3. (a) “Article 163 makes the governor the sole judge in matters in which he is required to act in his discretion.” Explain.

(b) “It is at the district level that the common man comes into direct contact with the administration.” Elucidate. (30 x 2 = 60)

4. “The steady expansion and the gradual decline of the public sector has been one of the most conspicuous development in post-independence india.  Discuss this statement and suggest measures to arrest the decline of the public sector in india (60)

SECTION – B

5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each:

(a) “The size of the leviathan goes on expanding, despite the country’s recent commitment to downsizing or rightsizing”.

(b) “Questions represent a powerful technique of parliament control over expenditure”.

(c) ” A distinctive feature of the indian administration, since independence, has been the noticeable efforts under taken to make administrative system effectively reach and respond to citizen’s grievances.”

d. “Indian planning is highly centralized.”

6. “In-service training of officers belonging to higher civil services has been perhaps the most conspicuous development in indian administration.” Discuss with reference to raining designed for the indian administrative service officers.

7. (a) “Criminalization of politics in india has been extended to politicization of criminals. Comment.

(b) “NGOs are fast replacing the government in the implementation of a large number of programs.” Elucidate.

8. “Information technology, if properly used, can bring about sweeping changes in the nature of governance in india.” Discuss the current status and future possibilities about the use of information technology in the governance of india.

Statistics Syllabus for IAS Main Exam
Paper-I

1. Probability:

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine‘s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroff’s theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.

2. Statistical Inference:

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square and modified minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.

Kolmogoroff’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.

Wald’s SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:

Linear statistical models’, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis-D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.

4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:

An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy , cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 2n and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.
Paper-II

1. Industrial Statistics:

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Roming tables.

Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal , lognormal.

Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.

2. Optimization Techniques:

Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algebraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.

Solution of statistical problems on computers using well-known statistical software packages like SPSS.

3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting.

Commonly used index numbers-Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, chain-base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer prices, agricultural production and industrial production, test for index numbers – proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular .

General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.

4. Demography and Psychometry:Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Mechanical Engineering Syllabus  for IAS Preliminary Exam
Statics :

Simple applications of equilibrium equations.

Dynamics :

Simple applications of equations of motion, work, energy and power.

Theory of Machines :

Simple examples of kinematic chains and their inversions.

Different types of gears, bearings, governors, flywheels and their functions.

Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors.

Simple vibration analysis of bars and shafts.

Linear automatic control systems.

Mechanics of Solids :

Stress, strain and Hookes Law. Shear and bending moments in beams. Simple bending and torsion of beams, springs and thin walled cylinders. Elementary concepts of elastic stability, mechanical properties and material testing.

Manufacturing Science :

Mechanics of metal cutting, tool life, economics of machining, cutting tool materials. Basic types of machine tool and their processes. Automatic machine tools, transfer lines. Metal forming processes and machines-shearing, drawing, spinning, rolling, forging, extrusion. Types of casting and welding methods. Powder metallurgy and processing of plastics.

Manufacturing Management :

Methods and time study, motion economy and work space design, operation and flow process charts. Cost estimation, break-even analysis. Location and layout of plants, material handling. Capital budgeting, job shop and mass production, scheduling, dispatching, Routing, Inventory.

Thermodynamics :

Basic concepts, definitions and laws, heat, work and temperature, Zeroth law, temperature scales, behaviour of pure substances, equations of state, first law and its corollaries, second law and its corollaries. Analysis of air standard power cycles, Carnot, Otto, diesel, Brayton cycles. Vapour power cycles, Rankine reheat and regenerative cycles, Refrigeration cycles-Bell Coleman, Vapour absorption and Vapour compression cycle analysis, open and closed cycle gas turbine with intercooling, reheating.

Energy Conversion :

Flow of steam through nozzles, critical pressure ratio, shock formation and its effect. Steam Generators, mountings and accessories. Impulse and reaction turbines, elements and layout of thermal power plants.

Hydraulic turbines and pumps, specific speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.

Introduction to nuclear reactors and power plants, handling of nuclear waste.

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning :

Refrigeration equipment and operation and maintenance, refrigerants, principles of air conditioning, psychrometric chart, comfort zones, humidification and dehumidification.

Fluid Mechanics :

Hydrostatics, continuity equation, Bernoullis theorem, flow through pipes, discharge measurement, laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concept.

Mechanical Engineering Syllabus for IAS Main Exam

Paper-I
1. Theory of Machines

Kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Cams, Gears and gear trains, Flywheels, Governors, Balancing of rigid rotors, Balancing of single and multicylinder engines, Linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree and two degrees of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts, Automatic Controls, Belts and chain drives. Hydrodynamic bearings.

2. Mechanics of Solids :

Stress and strain in two dimensions. Principal stresses and strains, Mohr’s construction, linear elastic materials, isotropy and an isotropy, Stress-strain relations, unilaxial loading, thermal stresses. Beams : Banding moment and shear force diagrams, bending stresses and deflection of beams, Shear stress distribution. Torsion of shafts, helical springs. Combined stresses, Thick and thin walled pressure vessels. Struls and columns, Strain energy concepts and theories of failure. Rotating discs. Shrink fits.

3. Engineering Materials :

Basic concepts on structure of solids, Crystalline materials, Defects in crystalline materials, Alloys and binary phase diagrams, structure and properties of common engineering materials. Heat treatment of steels. Plastics, Ceramics and composite Materials, common applications of various materials.

4. Manufacturing Science :

Marchant’s force analysis, Taylor’s tool life equation, machinability and machining economics, Rigid, small and flexible automation, NC, CNC. Recent machining methods- EDM, ECM and ultrasonics. Application of lasers and plasmas, analysis of forming processes. High energy rate forming. Jigs, fixtures, tools and gauges, Inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish.

5. Manufacturing management :

Production Planning and Control, Forecasting-Moving average, exponential smoothing, Operations sheduling; assembly line balancing. Product development. Breakeven analysis, Capacity planning. PERT and CPM.

Control Operations : Inventory control-ABC analysis. EOQ model. Materials requirement planning. Job design, Job standards, work measurement, Quality management-Quality control. Operations Research : Linear programming-Graphical and Simplex methods. Transportation and assignment models. Single server queuing model.

Value Engineering : Value analysis, for cost/value. Total quality management and forecasting techniques. Project management.

6. ELEMENTS OF COMPUTATION :

Computer Organisation, Flow charting. Features of Common Computer Languages-FORTRAN d Base III, Lotus 1-2-3 C and elementary programming.

PAPER-II
1. THERMODYNAMICS :

Basic concept. Open and closed systems, Applications of Thermodynamic Laws, Gas equations, Clapeyron equation, Availability, Irreversibility and Tds relations.

2. I.C. Engines, Fuels and Combustion :

Spark ignition and compression ignition engines, Four stroke engine and Two stroke engines, mechanical, thermal and volumetric efficiency, Heat balance.

Combustion process in S.I. and C.I. engines, preignition detonation in S.I. engine Diesel knock in C.I. engine. Choice of engine fuels, Octance and Cetane retings. Alternate fuels Carburration and Fuel injection, Engine emissions and control. Solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, stoichometric air requirements and excess air factor, fuel gas analysis, higher and lower calorific values and their measurements.

3. HEAT TRANSFER, REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING :

One and two dimensional heat conduction. Heat transfer from extended surfaces, heat transfer by forced and free convection. Heat exchangers. Fundamentals for diffusive and connective mass transfer, Radiation laws, heat exchange between black and non black surfaces, Network Analysis. Heat pump refrigeration cycles and systems, Condensers, evaporators and expansion devices and controls. Properties and choice of refrigerant, Refrigeration Systems and components, psychometrics, comfort indices, cooling loading calculations, solar refrigeration.

4. TURBO-MACHINES AND POWER PLANTS :

Continuity, momentum and Energy Equations. Adiabatic and Isentropic flow, fanno lines, Raylegh lines. Theory and design of axial flow turbines and compressors, Flow through turbo-machine balde, cascades, centrifugal compressor. Dimensional analysis and modelling. Selection of site for steam, hydro, nuclear and stand-by power plants, Selection base and peak load power plants, Modern High pressure, High duty boilers, Draft and dust removal equipment, Fuel and cooling water systems, heat balance, station and plant heat rates, operation and maintenance of various power plants, preventive maintenance, economics of power generation.

Physics  Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

1. Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newtons laws of motion and applications, variable mass systems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum, theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservative forces, frictional forces. Gravitaional potential and intensity due to spherical objects. Central forces, Keplers problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites (including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, Poiseuilles equation. Applications of Bernoullis equation and Stokes law.
Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation, mass-energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibration of strings and air columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect. Ultrasonics and applications.

2. Geometrical and Physical Optics.
Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermats principle. Matrix method in paraxial optics- thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromatic and spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes.
Huygens principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Youngs experiment, Newtons rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction-half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detection of linearly, circularly and elliptically polarised light. Double refraction, quarter-waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets. Optical activity and applications. Rayleigh scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams and applciations.

3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state of an ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies. Trasport phenomena. Andrews experiements-van der Waals equation and applications. Joule-Kelvin effect and applications. Brownian motion. Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoffs laws. Black-body radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy, Wien displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation, Planck radiation law.

4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulombs law, electric field, Gauss law. Electric potential, van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohms law, Kirchhoffs first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applications to two-loop circuits. Magnietic field-Gausslaw for magnetism, atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials. Cirulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot-Savart law, Amperes law, Faradays law of induction., Lenzs law. Inductance. Alternating current circuits-RC, LR, single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in AC circuits. Displacement current, Maxwells equations (MKS units), electromagnetic waves, energy transport and Poynting vector.

5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photoelectric effect, Einsteins photon theory. Bohrs theory of hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum, electron spin. Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum, Braggs law, Bohrs theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality. Heisenbergs uncertainty relationships. Schroedingers equation-eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificial radioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of elementary particles and their interactions.

6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas of semiconductors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode, transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements of microprocessors and computers. Physics (Optional) Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper-I
Section-A

1. Classical Mechanics
(a) Particle dynamics
Centre of mass and laboratory coordinates, conservation of linear and angular momentum. The rocket equation. Rutherford scattering, Galilean transformation, intertial and non-inertial frames, rotating frames, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, Foucault pendulum.
(b) System of particles
Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalised coordinates and momenta. Lagranges equation and applications to linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum and central force problems. Cyclic coordinates, Hamilitonian Lagranges equation from Hamiltons principle.
(c) Rigid body dynamics
Eulerian angles, inertia tensor, principal moments of inertia. Eulers equation of motion of a rigid body, force-free motion of a rigid body. Gyroscope.
2. Special Relativity, Waves & Geometrical Optics
(a) Special Relativity
Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications. Lorentz transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition of velocities, aberration and Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decay process. Minkowski diagram, four dimensional momentum vector. Covariance of equations of physics.
(b) Waves
Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Pulses and wave packets. Phase and group velocities. Reflection and Refraction from Huygens principle.
(c) Geometrical Optics
Laws of relfection and refraction from Fermats principle. Matrix method in paraxial optic-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses, chromatic and spherical aberrations.
3. Physical Optics
(a) Interference
Interference of light-Youngs experiment, Newtons rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer. Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perot interferometer. Holography and simple applications.
(b) Diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power. Fresnel diffraction: – half-period zones and zones plates. Fresnel integrals. Application of Cornus spiral to the analysis of diffraction at a straight edge and by a long narrow slit. Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern.
(c) Polarisation and Modern Optics
Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarised light. Double refraction, quarter wave plate. Optical activity. Principles of fibre optics attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; material dispersion, single mode fibres. Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients. Ruby and He-Ne lasers. Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams. Three-level scheme for laser operation.

Section-B
4. Electricity and Magnetism
(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics
Laplace ad Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications. Energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential. Method of images and its applications. Potential and field due to a dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field. Dielectrics, polarisation. Solutions to bounary-value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magentic shell, uniformly magnetised sphere. Ferromagnetic materials, hysteresis, energy loss.
(b) Current Electricity
Kirchhoffs laws and their applications. Biot-Savart law, Amperes law, Faradays law, Lenz law. Self-and mutual-inductances. Mean and rms values in AC circuits. LR CR and LCR circuits- series and parallel resonance. Quality factor. Principal of transformer.
5. Electromagnetic Theory & Black Body Radiation
(a) Electromagnetic Theory
Displacement current and Maxwells equatons. Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem. Vector and scalar potentials. Gauge invariance, Lorentz and Coulomb gauges. Electromagnetic field tensor, covariance of Maxwells equations. Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics, reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics. Fresnels relations. Normal and anomalous dispersion. Rayleigh scattering.
(b) Blackbody radiation
Balckbody radiation and Planck radiation law- Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien displacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans law. Planck mass, Planck length, Planck time,. Planck temperature and Planck energy.
6. Thermal and Statistical Physics
(a) Thremodynamics
Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy. Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy change. Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs phase rule and chemical potential. van der Waals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants. Maxwell-Boltzman distribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition and virial theorems. Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debyes theories of specific heat of solids. Maxwell relations and applications. Clausius- Clapeyron equation. Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.
(b) Statistical Physics
Saha ionization formula. Bose-Einstein condenssation. Thermodynamic behaviour of an ideal Fermi gas, Chandrasekhar limit, elementary ideas about neutron stars and pulsars. Brownian motion as a random walk, diffusion process. Concept of negative temperatures.

Paper-II
Section-A

1. Quantum Mechanics I
Wave-particle dualitiy. Schroedinger equation and expectation values. Uncertainty principle. Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a finite well, linear harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission by a potential step and by a rectangular barrier. Use of WKB formula for the life-time calcuation in the alpha-decay problem.
2. Quantum Mechanics II & Atomic Physics
(a) Quantum Mechanics II
Particle in a three dimensional box, density of states, free electron theory of metals. The angular meomentum problem. The hydrogen atom. The spin half problem and properties of Pauli spin matrices.
(b) Atomic Physics
Stern-Gerlack experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom. L-S coupling, J-J coupling. Spectroscopic notation of atomic states. Zeeman effect. Frank-Condon principle and applications.
3. Molecular Physics
Elementary theory of rotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules. Raman effect and molecular structure. Laser Raman spectroscopy Importance of neutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion in astronomy Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Elementary theory and applications of NMR. Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and its significance.

Section-B
4. Nuclear Physics
Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment. Semi-empirical mass formula and applications. Mass parabolas. Ground state of a deuteron magnetic moment and non-central forces. Meson theory of nuclear forces. Salient features of nuclear forces. Shell model of the nucleus-success and limitations. Violation of parity in beta decay. Gamma decay and internal conversion. Elementary ideas about Mossbauer spectroscopy. Q-value of nuclear reactions. Nuclear fission and fusion, energy production in stars. Nuclear reactors.
5. Particle Physics & Solid State Physics
(a) Particle Physics
Classification of elementary particles and their interactions. Conservation laws. Quark structure of hadrons. Field quanta of electroweak and strong interactions. Elementary ideas about Unification of Forces. Physics of neutrinos.
(b) Solid State Physics
Cubic crystal structure. Band theory of solids- conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions and applications. Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.
6. Electronics
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors-p-n-p and n-p-n transistors.Amplifiers and oscillators. Op-amps. FET, JFET and MOSFET. Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgans laws, Logic gates and truth tables., Simple logic circuits. Thermistors, solar cells. Fundamentals of microprocessors and digital computers.

Medical Science Syllabus for IAS Preliminary Exam

Human Anatomy

General principles and basic structural concept of gross anatomy of hipjoint, heart, stomach, lungs, spleen, kidneys, uterus, ovary and adrenal glands.

Histological features of parotid gland, bronchi, testis, skin, bone and thyroid gland.

Gross anatomy of thalamus, internal capsule, cerebrum, including their blood supply; functional localisation in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, eye, ear, throat, cranial nerves.

Embryology of vertebral column, respiratory system and their congenital anomalies.

Human physiology and biochemistry :

Neurophysiology: Sensory receptors, reticular formation, cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Reproduction: Regulation of functions of male and female gonads.

Cardiovascular system: Mechanical and electrical properties of heart including ECG : regulation of cardio-vascular functions.

GI System: bilirubin metabolism, liver function tests,

Haematology: haemogolobin synthesis, abnormal hemoglobins.

Respiration: regulation of respiration, digestion and absorption of fats, metabolism of carbohydrates.

Renal Physiology: tubular function, regulation of pH.

Nucleic acids: RNA, DNA, genetic code and protein synthesis.

Pathology and Microbiology : Principles of inflammation, principles of carcinogenesis and tumour spread, coronary heart disease, infective diseases of liver and gall bladder, pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

Immune system, immunological and serological tests for collagen vascular disease. Histological diagnosis by fluroscent microscopy.

Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by Salmonella. Vibrio. Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.

Life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica, malarial parasite, ascaros/

Medicine :

Protein energy malnutrition.

Medical management of : Coma, cerebro-vascular accidents, status asthamaticus, cardio pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus, acute renal failure.

Clinical featues, etiology and treatment of : Coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia, cirrhosis of liver, amoebic liver absess, peptic ulcer, pycolone-phiritis, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, poliomyelitis, meningitis, schizophrenia.

Surgery :

Principles of surgical management of severely injured and process of fracture healing. Malignant tumours of stomach and their surgical management. Signs, symptoms, investigation and management of fractures of femur, principles of pre-operative and post-operative care.

Clinical manifestations, investigations and management of : Hydrocephalus, Buerger’s disease, appendicitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, spinabifida, brochogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, carcinoma colon.

Clinical manifestations, investigations and surgical management of : Intestinal obstruction, acute urinary retention, spinal injury, haemorrhagic shock, pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, haemetemesis.

Preventive and Social Medicine

Principles of epidemiology, health care delivery.

Concept and general principles of prevention of disease and promotion of health. National health programmes, effects of environmental pollution on health, concept of balanced diet, family planning methods.

—————————————————————
Medical Science Syllabus for IAS Mains Exam
Paper-I
Section-A

I. Human Anatomy : Gross and microscopic anatomy and movements of shoulder, hip and knee joints; Blood supply, nerve innervation of hand, Lymphatic system; Karyotyping, medical genetics; Electron microscopic structure of glomerulous and muscle; Gross and microscopic anatomy and blood supply of lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, testis and uterus; Gross anatomy of pelvis, perineum and inguinal region. Cross-sectional anatomy of the body and mid-thoracic, upper abdominal, mid-abdominal and pelvic regions.

Embryology : Major steps in the development of lung, heart, kidney, urinary bladder, uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnoirmalities; Placenta and placental barrier.

Anatomy of central and peripheral autonomic nervous system :

Neural pathways for cutaneous sensations and vision; Cranial nerves, distribution and clinical significance; Anatomy of autonomic control of gastronintestinal, respiratory and reproductive systems.

II. Human Physiology : Central, peripheral and autonomic nervous. system; Nerve and muscle excitation, conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction, neurovascular transmission, EMG; Synaptic transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture and muscle tone descendig pathways, functions of creebellum, basal ganglia, reticular formation, hypothalamus limbic system and cerebral cortex; Physiology of sleep and consciousness, EEG.; Higher functions of the brain; Vision and hearing.

Endocrine system : Mechanism of action of hormones, formation, secretion, transport, metabolism, functions and regulations of secretion of pancreas and pituitary glands.

Physiology of reproductive system : menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.

Blood : Development, regulations and fate of blood cells.

Cardio-vascular, respiratory gastro-intestinal and renal physiology : Cardiac excitation, spread of cardiac impulse, ECG., cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascular functions; Mechanics of respiration and regulation of respiration; Digestion and absorption of food, regulation of secretion and motility of gastrointesinal tract; Glomerular and tubular fucntions of kidney.

III. Biochemistry : pH and pK Hendrson-Hassebalch Equation; Properties and regulation of enzyme activity, role of high energy phosphates in bioenergetics; Sources, daily requirements, action and toxicity of vitamins; Metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, disorders of their metaboilism; Chemical nature, structure, synthesis and fucntions of nucleic acids and proteins; Distribution and regulation of body water and minerals including trace elements; Blood Gas Analysis, GTT, Immuno electrophorises, molecular structure of muscle contractile protein, oestrogen receptors.
Section-B

I. Pathology : Rection of cell and tissue of injury, inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer. genetic diseases; Pathogenesis and histopathology of Rheumatic and ischaemic heart disease; Bronchogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer colon. Lymphoma, leukaemia, liver cancer, meningioma and meningitis; Etiology, pathognesis and histopathology of – Peptic ulcer, cirrhosis liver glomerulonephritis, lobar pneumonia, acute osteomyelitis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis.

II. Microbiology : Growrth of micro-organisms, sterilization and disinfection, bacterial genetics, virus-cell interactions; Immunological principles, acquired immunity, immunity in infections cause by viruses; Diseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of Staphylococcus, enterococcus, salmonella, shigella, secheichiza, pseudomonos, vibrio, adenoviruses, herpes viruses (including rubella_, fungi, protozoa, helminths, leptospiral infection.

III. Pharmacology : Drug receptor instruction, mechanism of drug action; Mechanism of action, dosage, metabolism and side effects of – Pilocarpine, terbutaline, metoprolol diazepam, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, furosemide, metronidazole. Chloroquin. Mechanism of action, dosage and toxicity of- Ampicillin, Cephalosporins, 1,2,3,4,th generations, Aminoglycoside, Doxycycline, chloramphenicol, rifampin, Calcium channel blocker, beta blocker, ace inhibitors, immunosuppressive therapy. Indications, dosage, side-effects and contraindictions of- Methortrexate, vincristin, tamoxifen. Classification, route of administration, mechanism of action and side effects of – General anaesthetics, hypnotics, analgesics, Anti-viral, anti-fungal drugs.

IV. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology : Forensic examination of injuris and wounds; Physical and chemical examination of blood and seminal stains; Organo phosphorous poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, snake envenomation.
Paper-II
Section-A

1. General Medicine :

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (including prevention) of:-

Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus, Rabies, Exanthematous Fevers, Tuberculosis, AIDS.

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of:

Rheumatic, ischaemic and congenital heart disease, hypertension. Cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism.

Acute and chronic respiratory infections, bronchial asthma.

Occupational lung disease, pleural effusion, disseminated tuberculosis Malabsorption syndromes, acid peptic diseases, haemetemesis. Viral hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver, alcoholic liver disease.

Actue glomerulonerphritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, renovascular hypertension, diabeties mellitus, anaemias, coagulation disorders, leukaemia, polycythemia and hyperviscosity syndrome, meningitis encephalitis, carebrovascular diseases.

Role of Immageology in the work-up of medical problems, ultrasound, echo cardiogram, CT scan MRI.

Psychiatry : Common psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia. ECT, lithium

II. Paediatrics : Common paediatric problems, congenertal cyanotic heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome, broncho pneumonias, kernicterus. Aids- prevention of vertical transmission.

III. Dermatology : Common skin diseases, psoariasis, Hansen’s disease, fungal dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnsons’s syndrome.

Section-B

I. General Surgery :

Clinical features, causes diagnosis and principles of management of:

Cervical lymph node enlargement, parotid tumour, oral cancer, cleft palate, hare lip.

Laryngeal tumour, esophageal tumours.

Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of arota

Dysfunctions of thyroid parathyroids and adrenals.

Tumours of Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pituitary Glands.

Abscess of breast, cancer breast, fibroadenoma and adenosis

Acute and chronic appendicitis, bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, intestinal obstruction, ulcerative colitis.

Renal mass, acute retention of urine, benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Haemonthorax, constrictive pericarditis

Splenomegaly, chronic cholexystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis, carcinoma head of pancreas.

Direct and indirect inguinal hernias and their compliations.

Freactures of femur and spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumours.

Organis transplantation, kidney, liver, heart, bone-marrow.

Laprascopic Surgery.

II. Obstetrics and gynaecology including Family Planning.

Diagnosis of pregnancy, screening of high risk pregnancy, foetoplacental development.

Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, postpartum haemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn.

Diagnosis and management of anaemia and pregnancy induced hypertension.

Principles of the following contraceptive methods.

Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination of pregnancy including legal aspects.

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of: Cancer cervic.

Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain, infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, amenorrhoea.

III. Preventive and Social medicine.

Concept of causation and control of disease in the community, principles and methods of epidemiology.

Health hazards due to environmental pollution and industrialisation.

Normal nutrition and nutritional deficiency diseases in India.

Population trends (World and India),

Growth of population and its effect on health and development.

Objectives, components and critical analysis of each of the following National programmes for the control/eradication of:

Malaria, filaria, kala-azar, leprosy, tuberculosis, cancer, blindness, iodine deficiency disease, AIDS & std and guinea worm.

Objectives, components critical analysis of each of the following national Health and Family Welfare Programmes:

Maternal and child health

Family welfare

Nutrition

Immunization.

General Economics
1) Micro-economics : (a) Production : Agents of Production; Costs and Supply; Isoquants (b) Consumption and Demand; Elasticity concept (c) Market Structure and concepts of equilibrium; (d) Determination of prices; (e) Components and Theories of Distribution (f) Elementary concepts of Welfare economics : Pareto-optimality-Private and social products-consumers surplus.
2) Macro-economics : (a) National Income concepts; (b) Determinants of National Income Employment (c) Determinants of consumption, savings and Investment (d) Rate of Interest and its determination (e) Interest and profit.
3) Money, Banking and Public Finance : (a) Concepts of Money and measures of money supply; velocity of money (b) Banks and credit creation; Banks and portfolio management. (c) Central Bank and control over money supply (d) Determination of the price level. (e) Inflation, its causes and remedies. (f) Public, Finance-Budgets-Taxes and non-tax revenues-Types of Budget deficits.
4) International Economics : (a) Theories of International Trade-comparative costs-Heckscher-Ohlin-Gains from Trade-Terms of Trade. (b) Free Trade and Protection. (c) Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment. (d) Exchange rate under free exchange markets. (e) Evolution of the International Monetary System and World Trading order-Gold Standard-the Brettonwoods system. IMF and the World Bank and their associates. Floating rates-GATT and WTO
(5) Growth and Development : (a) Meaning and measurement of growth; Growth, distribution and Welfare; (b) Characteristics of underdevelopment; (c) Stages of Development; (d) Sources of growth-capital, Human capital, population, productivity, Trade and aid, non-economic factors; growth Strategies, (e) Planning in a mixed economy-Indicative planning-Planning and growth.
(6) Economic Statistics : Types of averages-measures of dispersion-correlation-Index numbers; types, uses and limitations.

Part-II
Indian Economics
1. Main features; Geographic size-Endowment of natural resources, Population; size, composition quality and growth trend-Occupational distribution-Effects of British Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy.
2. Major problems, their dimensions, nature and broad causes; Mass poverty-Unemployment and its types-Economics effects of population pressure-Inequality and types thereof-Low productivity and low per capita income, Rural-urban disparities-Foreign Trade and payments imbalances. Balance of Payments and External Debt- Inflation, and parallel economy and its effects-Fiscal deficit.
3. Growth in income and employment since Independence-Rate, Pattern, Sectoral trends-Distributional Changes-Regional disparities.
4. Economic Planning in India : Major controversies on planning in India-Alternative strategies-goals and achievements, shortfalls of different plans-planning and the Market.
5. Broad Fiscal, monetary, industrial trade and agricultural policies-objectives, rationale, constraints and effects.

Step I- Preliminary Examination
IAS prelims is written objective type examination and is conducted in the month of June every year with two following papers:

Paper I- General Studies paper with maximum mark 150 against 150 questions. The exam expands over two hours and questions are asked from six topics which are Indian History, Constitution of India, Geography, Economics, Science and Current Affairs.

Paper II- The second paper is an optional of student’s choice which may include Political Science, Psychology, Economics, Physics, and Economics etc. This exam has maximum marks 300 against 120 questions and is two hour long.

Step II- Main Examination
IAS Mains is a written examination which is a subjective or essay type format. This is generally conducted in the month of November/December. IAS Mains expands over nine papers:

Paper I & II- Language papers with maximum marks 300 each. One paper is English which is mandatory and the other is any Indian language mentioned in the eighth schedule of Indian Constitution. Passing these papers with a certain minimum percentage is necessary.

Paper III- This is a subjective type paper with maximum marks 200. Student can opt to write in either English or any other Indian language mentioned in the eighth schedule of the Constitution.

Paper IV and V- General Studies with General Knowledge and Current Affairs and maximum marks of 300

Paper VI, VII, VIII and IX- Two optional subjects, with two papers thereby making it four papers with 300 each and total marks of 1200.

Those who pass IAS mains are further reduced with a ratio of 1:10 to direct students to the next level that is Personality Test.

Step III- Personality Test
This is the final elimination stage and as expected the competition is highest at this stage. Candidates are selected with a ratio of 1:2 and therefore with 10 vacancies, twenty candidates are called for interview. These candidates are tested on their personality, social traits, teamwork and leadership qualities and their aptitude and skills that are usually involved in work.

After the personality test, the candidates have to also undergo a mandatory training at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussorie as a probationary officer. This is the foundation course, after which specific job-oriented training is conducted separately by each service.

General Studies – 2003 (Main)
Time Allowed : Three Hours
Maximum Marks : 300

Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. No mark will be given for answers written in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate. Candidates should attempt ALL questions strictly in accordance with the instructions given under each question. The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.

Candidate should attempt All questions strictly in accordance with instructions given under each question.

1. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words)(30 marks)
* “The reforms of 1909 introduced a cardinal problem and ground of controversy at every revision of the Indian electoral system.” Comment.
* Discuss the problem that impeded the integration of the princely states into the Indian Union. How were these problems tackled?

2. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* ‘The mainstay of Mahatma Gandhi’s movements was the rural India.’ Elucidate.
* Discuss the character of major tribal uprisings in British India in the nineteenth Century.
* Bring out the ideological basis of the Moderate-Extermist divide in the Indian National Congress.

3. Write notes on the following: (about 20 words ) (15 X 2 = 30 marks)
* Arthasastra
* Saranath Pillar
* The Jatiya Sarkar of Tamluk
* Punnapra-Vayalar
* Sajjad Zahir
* Al-Hilal
* Har Dayal
* Khudai Khidmatgar
* Mahayana Cult
* W.W. Hunter
* Indu Lal Yajnik
* Achhut Patwardhan
* Sir William Jones
* James Wilson
* Ghulam-giri.

4. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* Describe the major characteristics of the rivers of Peninsular India.
* Account for the very high concentration of salt extraction industries in the Saurashtra and South Tamilnadu Coast.
* State the four distinctive stages of Indian Demographic history.

5. write short notes on the following: (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Define Terai Region.
* Mention the areas of Shola forests in India.
* Who are the Todas and where do they live?
* Name any four priccipal languages of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
* What is MRTS? Where it is in operation?

6. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the question of death sentence and Presidential clemency.
* Explain the discretionary powers of the Governor of a State.

7. Answer any two of the following: (about 150 words) (2 X 15 = 30 marks)
* Highlight the signifucance of Forty Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of India
* Identify the major Fundamental Duties
* Explain the relevance of Rajya Sabha as a second chamber in the federal set up of Indian Parliamentary System.

8. Answer the following: (about 20 words) (2 X 5 = 10 marks)
* What is a point of order? When can it be raised?
* What is a Privilege Motion?
* State the difference between Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
* How is the Vice President of India elected?
* What is meant by ‘sine-die’ adjournment?

9. Answer any one of the following: (about 250 words) (30 marks)
* Discuss the steps taken by Government to check child labour and promote child welfare.
* Suggest measures for the eradication of wide spread corruption in Public Life in India.

10. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* The issue of gender equality in India.
* Natural Heritage and Cultural Heritage.
* Identify the types of disabilities.

11. Answer any two of the following: (about 125 words) (2 X 10 = 20 marks)
* What are the distinctive features of the Lokpal Bill introduced in the Parliament this year?
* What is the Prime Minister’s Five-Point agenda fir India’s development as a Knowledge Society?
* What are the precinditions for the growth of Civil Society? Is Indian democracy conducive to it?

12. Write about the following (about 20 words) (5 X 2 = 10 marks)
* Anthrax
* Radiation and its effects
* The Statue of Liberty
* George Walker Bush
* Genome.