A major Issue Every Student faces in this Reputed Exam is choice of optional Subjects. As we know that according to recent Changes made by government in the Pattern of IAS exam, the preliminary Test in this exam has now been replaced by Civil service aptitude test, which comprises of two objective papers for all students carrying Equal marks. So the students don’t have to decide on the optional subjects for the preliminary exam.

Along with 5 compulsory papers for the mains exam (two for general studies, one for essay, one for qualifying iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English and one for a language from 18 optional languages), candidate has to choose two subjects from a list of 25 optional subjects. Following are the not allowed combinations in the UPSC syllabus-

-> Political Science & International relations and Public Administration,
-> iaspapers.info/category/commerce" title='Read more about Commerce'>Commerce & Accountancy and Management,
-> Anthropology and Sociology,
-> Mathematics and Statistics,
-> Agriculture and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science,
-> Management and Public Administration,
-> Any TWO branches of Engineering,
-> Medical Science and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science,
-> Combination of TWO Literature

In the previous pattern, candidates used to take their mainstream subject as first optional and most of the stuff was covered in the prelims exam and then all they had to do was to decide on the second optional subject. But in the new pattern, all the candidates are at equilibrium in the prelims and have to decide two optional subjects for mains exam with more agility and criterion in mind as this is the very factor that determines candidate’s chances for getting through in this exam.
Following are a few criterions to be taken care of while choosing optional subjects in new pattern for IAS exam-

First and the foremost, Candidate must be comfortable in grasping the subject. The decision should not be made on the basis of length of the subject but on the one’s comfort with concepts in the subject. For example, iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History and geography are known for lengthy syllabus and answers, while public administration and anthropology have limited syllabus and short answers. The edge is not in selecting the subjects that have short or lengthy answers but in comfort with the subject.

Availability of IAS study material is also a vital factor in determining the optional subject. There should be enough resources available for preparing the subject, consulting to an experienced senior in case of a completely new subject in your perspective is quite sensible.

For commerce students, a good combination is assumed to be iaspapers.info/category/commerce" title='Read more about Commerce'>Commerce+ Public administration, as Public administration Covers lots of topics in commerce like role of CAG etc. iaspapers.info/category/commerce" title='Read more about Commerce'>Commerce + geography is also a good combination if you are familiar with semi-technical topics and can look around in the maps. This combination is highly scoring and can score you 300-350 marks in the mains exam.

For biology students, Agriculture + botany is good combination since many topics of agriculture are covered in botany.

Once and for all, it’s about candidate’s own comfort in understanding the subject and choosing the optional subjects should be done carefully since it is the very deciding factor for the candidate’s selection in this prestigious examination.

Examination board for civil services tries to maintain a high standard to absorb best officers, capable of justifying their responsibilities. New style and patterns are implemented by the board to upgrade standard for civil services aspirants. Government has approved a proposal for introduction of aptitude test replacing present preliminary examination to shortlist candidates for main exam in future.

In the new pattern, students will have to take up two objective type exams. These tests will have emphasis on testing ethical and moral dimensions while taking decisions along with aptitude levels. With new pattern, equal weightage will be offered to various candidates instead of a common and an optional exam in existing pattern. As compared to the emphasis of present exam pattern on subject awareness and knowledge, new pattern will check the candidate’s decision-making capabilities and aptitude.

For time being, change will be made in preliminary stage from 2011 but second and third stages will take some more time to be altered. The new pattern of civil service exams will offer level playing equity and field, as candidates will not have to attempt one common exam like now.

* Preliminary exam – It consists of two multiple choice question papers, both objective. These papers total 450 marks. The divisions of the two papers are of the following pattern: first paper is for 150 marks consisting of questions from iaspapers.info/category/general-studies" title='Read more about General Studies'>General Studies. The second set of paper is for 300 marks and the student can choose from the following options of subjects: Agriculture, Botany, Indian iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry, iaspapers.info/category/civil-engineering" title='Read more about Civil Engineering'>Civil Engineering, iaspapers.info/category/commerce" title='Read more about Commerce'>Commerce, iaspapers.info/category/economics" title='Read more about Economics'>Economics, Electrical Engineering, iaspapers.info/category/geography" title='Read more about Geography'>Geography and iaspapers.info/category/geology" title='Read more about Geology'>Geology.

* Main exam- The number of candidates called for the main exam is usually 11 – 12 times more than the actual number of seats available. Those who obtain the minimum qualifying marks stated by the commission are then called for a round of interview, though it’s pretty obvious that the students appearing for the interview are twice more than the available number of seats. The marks that the student acquires along with the interview results determine the final ranking of those who are selected. Once students are selected for these services, they are allotted to the services based upon their scores and preference.

* Written exam – After this comes the written exam, which consists of a total of eight papers. Each paper has essay type questions, 300 marks each.

a) First paper consists of one of the following Indian languages (as per the eighth schedule of Constitution) – Assamese, iaspapers.info/category/bengali" title='Read more about Bengali'>Bengali, Gujrati, Marathi, Hindi, Sindhi, Malyalam, Orriya, Kannad, Punjabi, Kashmiri,Telgu, Urdu and Tamil. b) Second paper is iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English, third paper is essay, and fourth and fifth papers are iaspapers.info/category/general-studies" title='Read more about General Studies'>General Studies.

c) Paper six, seven, eight and nine consist of the following subjects – Anthropology, Botany, Agriculture, iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry, iaspapers.info/category/commerce" title='Read more about Commerce'>Commerce and Accountancy, iaspapers.info/category/economics" title='Read more about Economics'>Economics, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Electrical Engineering, iaspapers.info/category/civil-engineering" title='Read more about Civil Engineering'>Civil Engineering, iaspapers.info/category/geography" title='Read more about Geography'>Geography, iaspapers.info/category/geology" title='Read more about Geology'>Geology, iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History, Law.

Besides these, there has to be Literature of any one of the following languages – Telugu, Chinese, iaspapers.info/category/bengali" title='Read more about Bengali'>Bengali, Kannada, Kashmiri, , Assamese, Hindi, Oriya, Punjabi, Pali, , Gujarati, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Urdu, Malayalam, Arabic, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Konkani, French, Russian and iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English, German, Persian, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, , Mechanical Engineering, Political Science Management, Mathematics, and Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics Psychology, and Zoology and International Relations. The question papers here are essay type consisting 300 marks each.

Question paper 1 and 2 i.e. Hindi and iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English are just taken into account for qualifying purpose; it doesn’t count in the ranking process. The iaspapers.info/category/general-studies" title='Read more about General Studies'>General Studies paper and the optional subjects i.e. 3 – 7 are only taken into account if the candidate has cleared the language paper – Hindi and iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English. The last procedure is the interview round for 250 marks, and the plus point here is that there is no requirement of qualifying marks. In the interview round, a board interviews the candidate after which the board refers the career records of the candidate here.

The Union Service Public Commission (UPSC 2009) has declared the result of the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2009. The UPSC Preliminary examinations were held on May 17, 2009. The results are available at www.upsc.gov.in.

The successful candidates will be able for Main Examination scheduled to be held from October 23, 2009.

According to the UPSC release, the the successful candidates does not receive a communication in this regard from the Commission by August 21, 2009, he/she should immediately contact the Commission.

The result of Roll Nos. 198815, 402275, 161998, 173709, 217025, 221826, 222306 & 222466 has been withheld.

UPSC have a Facilitation Centre near Examination Hall Building in its Campus. Candidates may obtain any information/clarification during working hours in person or over telephone No.011-23385271, 011-23381125 and 011-23098543.

Telugu Syllabus for IAS Exam
Paper-I

Answers must be written in Telugu.
Section-A

Language
1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.
2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu to Modern Telugu.
3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal and functional view of Telugu language.
4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.
5. Modernization of Telugu language.
(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.
(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TV etc.)
(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu in various discourses including scientific and technical.
6. Dialects of Telugu-Regional and social variations and problems of standardization.
7. Syntax-Major divisions of Telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound sentences-Noun and verb predications-Processes of nominlization and relativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.
8. Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-Methods of translation-Approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various uses of translation.
Section-B

Literature
1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi poetry.
2. Nannaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.
3. Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.
4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.
5. Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.
6. Srinatha and Potana-Their woks and contribution.
7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.
8. Evolution of prabandhas-Kavya and prabandha.
9. Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura Vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose and padakavita.
10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playlet and poetic forms.
11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classicism, Romanticism and Progressive, Revolutionary movements.
12. Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.
13. Main divisions of folk literature-Performing folk arts.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Telugu.
This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability, which will be in relation to the following approaches.
i) Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-Imagery and Symbolism.
ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.
Section-A

1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Charitra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5-109)
2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva -3rd Canto verses 1-144)
3. Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasi-khandam, 4th Canto, verses 76-133)
4. Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-142)
5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)
6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu
Section-B

7. Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (Short stories)
8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti
9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)
10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.
11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I)
12. C. Narayana Reddy-Karpuravasanta rayalu.
13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (Part I)
14. Atreya-N.G.O.
15. Racha konda Visswanatha Sastry-Alpajaeevi.

Tamil Syllabus for IAS Exam
Paper-I

Answers must be written in Tamil.
Section: A
Part: 1 iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Tamil Language
Major Indian Language Families-The place of Tamil among Indian languages in general and Dravidian in particular-Enumeration and Distributionof Dravidian languages.
The language of Sangam literature-The language of medieval Tamil: Pallava period only-Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, adjectives, adverbs Tense markers and case markers in Tamil.
Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil-Regional and social dialects-difference between literary and spoken Tamil.
Part: 2 iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Tamil Literature
Tolkappiyam-Sangam Literatue-The division of Akam and puram-The secular characteristics of Sangam Literature-The development of Ethical literature-Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.
Part: 3 Devotional literature (Alwars and Nayanmars) The bridal mysticism in Alwar hymns-Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji)
Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil literature: Novel, Short story and New Poetry-The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.
Section:B
Part:1 Recent trends in Tamil Studies
Approaches to criticism: Social , psychologiocal, hostorical and moralistic-the use of criticism-the various techniques in literature: Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth) Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyppadu, Padimam(image), Kuriyeedu (Symbol), Irunmai (ambiguity)-The concep[t of comparative literature-the principle of comparative literature.
Part: 2 Folk literature in Tamil:Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles-Sociological study of Tamil folklore. Uses of translation-Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.
Part: 3 Cultural Heritage of the Tamils
Concept of Love and War-Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancient Tamils in their warfare-customs, beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais. The cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature-cultural fusion in the medieval period (Jainism & Buddhism). The development of arts and architecture through the ages (Pallavas, later cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political, social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media in the cultural change of contemporary Tamill society.

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Tamil.
The paper will require first hand reading of the Text prescribed and will be designed to test the critical ability of the candidate.
Section-: A
Part: 1 Ancient Literature
(1) Kuruntokai (1-25 poems)
(2) Purananurui (182-200 poems)
(3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai)
Part : 2 Epic Literature
(1) Silappadikaram: Madhurai Kandam only.
(2) Kambaramayanam: Kumbakarunan Vadhai Padalam
Part 3: Devotional Literature
(1) Tiruvasagam: Neetthal Vinnappam
(2) Tiruppavai: (Full Text)
Section-: B
Modern Literature
Part:1 Poetry
(1) Bharathiar: Kannan Pattu
(2) Bharathidasan: Kudumba Vilakku
(3) Naa. Kamarasan: Karuppu Malarkal
Prose
(1) Mu. Varadharajanar. Aramum Arasiyalum
(2) C N Annadurai: Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.
Part : 2 Novel, Short story and Drama
(1) Akilon: Chittirappavai
(2) Jayakanthan: Gurupeedam
(3) Cho: Yarukkum Vetkamillai
Part: 3 Folk Literature
(1) Muthuppattan Kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication: Madurai Kamaraj University)
(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication: Saraswathi, Mahal, Thanjavur)

iaspapers.info/category/bengali" title='Read more about Bengali'>Bengali Syllabus for IAS Exam

Paper-I

iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Language and Literature.

Answers must be written in Bangali.

Section-A

Topics from the iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Bangla language

1. The chronological track from Proto Indo-European to Bangla (Family tree with branches and approximate dates).

2. Historical stages of Bangla (Old, Middle, New) and their linguistic features.

3. Dialects of Bangla and their distinguishing characteristics.

4. Elements of Bangla Vocabulary.

5. Forms of Bangla Literary Prose-Sadhu and Chalit.

6. Processes of language change relevant for Bangla.

Apinihiti (Anaptyxis), Abhishruti (umlaut), Murdhanyibhavan (cerebralization), Nasikyibhavan (Nasalization), Samibhavan (Assimilation), Sadrishya (Analogy), Svaragama (Vowel insertion)-Adi Svaragama, Madhya Svaragama or Svarabhakti, Antya Svaragama, Svarasangati (Vowel hormony), y-shruti and w-shruti.

7. Problems of standardization and reform of alphabet and spelling, and those of transliteration and Romanization.

8. Phonology, Morphology and Syntax of Modern Bangla.

(Sounds of Modern Bangla, Conjuncts; word formations, compounds; basic sentence patterns.)

Section-B

Topics from the iaspapers.info/category/history" title='Read more about History'>History of Bangla Literature.

1. Periodization of Bangla Literature : Old Bangla and Middle Bangla.

2. Points of difference between modern and pre-modern Bangla Literature.

3. Roots and reasons behind the emergence of modernity in Bangla Literature.

4. Evolution of various Middle Bangla forms : Mangal kavyas, Vaishnava lyrics, Adapted narratives (Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata) and religious biographies.

5. Secular forms in middle Bangla literature.

6. Narrative and lyric trends in the nineteenth century Bangla poetry.

7. Development of prose.

8. Bangla dramatic literature (nineteenth century, Tagore, Post-1944 Bangla drama).

9. Tagore and post-Tagoreans.

10. Fiction, major authors :

(Bankimchandra, Tagore, Saratchandra, Bibhutibusan, Tarasankar, Manik).

11. Women and Bangla literature : creators and created.

Paper-II

Prescribed texts for close study.

Answers must be written in Bangali.

Section-A

1. Vaishnava Padavali (Calcutta University)

Poems of Vidyapati, Chandidas, Jnanadas, Govindadas and Balaramdas.

2. Chandimangal Kalketu episode by Mukunda (Sahitya Akademi).

3. Chaitanya Charitamrita Madya Lila, by Krishnadas Kaviraj (Sahitya Akademi).

4. Meghnadbadh Kavya by Madhusudan Dutta.

5. Kapalkundala by Bankimchandra Chattarjee.

6. Samya and Bangadesher Krishak by Bankimchandra Chatterjee.

7. Sonar Tari by Rabindranath Tagore.

8. Chhinnapatravali by Rabindranath Tagore.

Section-B

9. Raktakarabi by Rabindranath Tagore.

10. Nabajatak by Rabindranath Tagore.

11. Grihadaha by Saratchandra Chatterjee.

12. Prabandha Samgraha Vol. 1, by Pramatha Choudhuri.

13. Aranyak by Bibhutibhusan Banerjee

14. Short stories by Manik Bandyopadhyay : Atashi Mami, Pragaitihasik, Holud-Pora, Sarisrip, Haraner Natjamai, Chhoto-Bokulpurer Jatri, Kustharogir Bou, Jakey Ghush Ditey Hoy.

15. Shrestha Kavita by Jibanananda Das.

16. Jagori by Satinath Bhaduri.

17. Ebam Indrajit by Badal Sircar.

Statistics Syllabus for IAS Main Exam
Paper-I

1. Probability:

Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variable as a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete and continuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function, vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochastic independence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of a random variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variable in distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria and inter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine‘s weak law of large numbers, strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroff’s theorems, probability generating function, moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderberg and Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probability distributions.

2. Statistical Inference:

Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics, factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single parameter. Estimation by methods of moments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square and modified minimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators, asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function, and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.

Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, similar and unbiased tests, UMPU tests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution. Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.

Kolmogoroff’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency and asymptotic normality.

Wald’s SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions for tests regarding parameters for Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.

3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:

Linear statistical models’, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test of significance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinear regression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partial correlations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normal distribution, Mahalanobis-D2 and Hotelling’s T2 statistics and their applications and properties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.

4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:

An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive features of finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random sampling with and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling and its efficacy , cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regression methods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling, probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation with reference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.

Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses, incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plot technique, factorial experiments and 2n and 32, confounding in factorial experiments, split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple range test.
Paper-II

1. Industrial Statistics:

Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of control charts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart. Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQ and ATI curves, concepts of producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL, Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Roming tables.

Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallel systems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failure models: exponential, Weibull, normal , lognormal.

Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.

2. Optimization Techniques:

Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and general methods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of linear programming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplex procedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, the duality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportation and assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methods of solution (graphical and algebraic).

Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies, concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventory problems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and without lead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.

Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classification of states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poisson process, elements of queuing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.

Solution of statistical problems on computers using well-known statistical software packages like SPSS.

3. Quantitative iaspapers.info/category/economics" title='Read more about Economics'>Economics and Official Statistics:

Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method, tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressive and moving average components, forecasting.

Commonly used index numbers-Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal index numbers, chain-base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, index number of wholesale prices, consumer prices, agricultural production and industrial production, test for index numbers – proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal and circular .

General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methods of estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions of multicollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity of disturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances, concept of structure and model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and order conditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of estimation.

Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrial production, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliability and limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various official agencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.

4. Demography and Psychometry:Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations and uses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility, reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridged life tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses of life tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, population projection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation of demographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveys and use of hospital statistics.

Urdu Syllabus for IAS Exam

Paper-I

Answers must be written in Urdu.
Section-A

Development of Urdu Language
a) Development of Indo-Aryan (i) Old Indo-Aryan (ii) Middle Indo Aryan (iii) New Indo Aryan
b) Western Hindi and its dialects Brij Bhasha Khadi Boli, Haryanavi Kannauji, Bundeli-Theories about the origin of Urdu Language
c) Dakhani Urdu-Origin and development, its significant linguistic features.
d) Social and Cultural roots of Urdu language-and its distinctive features.
Script, Phonology, Morphology, Vocabulary.
Section-B

a) Genres and their development : (i) Poetry : Ghazal, Masnavi, Qasida, Marsia, Rubai, Jadid Nazm,
(ii) Prose : Novel, Short Story, Dastan, Drama, Inshaiya, Khutoot, Biography.
b) Significant features of : (i) Deccani, Delhi and Lucknow schools (ii) Sir Syed movement, Romantic movement, Progressive movement, Modernism.
c) Literary Criticism and its development with reference to Hali, Shibli, Kaleemuddin Ahmad, Ehtisham Hussain, Ale-Ahmad Suroor.
d) Essay writing (covering literary and imaginative topics)

Paper-II

Answers must be written in Urdu.
This paper will require first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidates critical ability.
Section-A

1. Mir Amman Bagho-Babar
2. Ghalib Intikhab-e-Khutoot-e Ghalib
3. Mohd. Husain Nairang-e-Khayal Azad
4. Prem Chand Godan
5. Rajendra Singh Apne Dukh Mujhe
Bedi Dedo
6. Abul Kalam Azad Ghubar-e-Khatir
Section-B

1. Mir Intikhab-e-Kalam-e-Mir
(Ed. Abdul Haq.)
2. Mir Hasan Sahrul Bayan
3. Ghalib Diwan-e-Ghalib
4. Iqbal Bal-e-Jibrail
5. Firaq Gul-e-Naghma
6. Faiz Dast-e-Saba
7. Akhtruliman Bint-e-Lamhat

iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry Syllabus for IAS preliminary Exam

1.1 Atomic structure : Schrodinger wave equation, significance of y and y2 quantum numbers and their significance, radial and angular probability, shapes of orbitals, relative energies of atomic orbitals as a function of atomic number. Electronic configurations of elements; Aufbau principle, Hunds multiplicity rule, Pauli exclusion principle.

1.2 Chemical periodicity : Periodic classification of elements, salient characteristics of s,p,d and f block elements. Periodic trends of atomic radii, ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity in the periodic table.

1.3 Chemical bonding : Types of bonding, overlap of atomic orbitals, sigma and pi bonds, hydrogen and metallic bonds. Shapes of molecules, bond order, bond length, V.S.E.P.R. theory and bond angles. The concept of hybridization and shapes of molecules and ions.

1.4 Oxidation states and oxidation number : Oxidation and reduction, oxidation numbers, common redox reactions, ionic equations. Balancing of equations for oxidation and reduction reactions.

1.5 Acids and bases : Bronsted and Lewis theories of acids and bases. Hard and soft acids and bases. HSAB principle, relative strengths of acids and bases and the effect of substituents and solvents on their strength.

1.6 iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of elements :

(i) Hydrogen: Its unique position in the periodic table, isotopes, ortho and para hydrogen, industrial production, heavy water.

(ii) iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of s and p block elements : electronic configuration, general characteristics properties, inert pair effect, allotropy and catenation. Special emphasis on solutions of alkali and alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia. Preparation, properties and structures of boric acid, borates, boron nitrides, borohydride (diborane), carboranes, oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine; interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens, fluorocarbons and basic properties of halogens. Chemical reactivity of noble gases, preparation, structure and bonding of noble gas compounds.

(iii) iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of d block elements: Transition metals including lanthanides, general characteristic properties, oxidation states, magnetic behaviour, colour. First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds (oxides, halides and sulphides); lanthanide contraction.

1.7 Extraction of metals : Principles of extraction of metals as illustrated by sodium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, nickel, copper, silver and gold.

1.8 Nuclear iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry : Nuclear reactions; mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactors; radioisotopes and their applications.

1.9 Coordination compounds : Nomenclature, isomerism and theories of coordination compounds and their role in nature and medicine.

1.10 Pollution and its control : Air pollution, types of air pollutants; control of air and water pollution; radioactive pollution.

Section-B

(Organic iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry)

2.1 Bonding and shapes of organic molecules : Electronegativity, electron displacements-inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects; bond polarity and bond polarizability, dipole moments of organic molecules; hydrogen bond; effects of solvent and structure on dissociation constants of acids and bases; bond formation, fission of covalent bonds : homolysis and heterolysis; reaction intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes; generation, geometry and stability; nucleophiles and electrophiles.

2.2 iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of aliphatic compounds: Nomenclature; alkenes-synthesis, reactions (free radical halogenation) — reactivity and selectivity, sulphonation-detergents; cycloalkanes-Baeyers strain theory; alkenes and alkynes-synthesis, electrohilic addition reactions, Markownikovs rule, peroxide effects, 1- 3-dipolar addtion; nucleophilic addition to electron-deficient alkenes; polymerisation; relative acidity; synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides, alkanols, alkanals, alkanones, alkanoic acids, esters, amides, nitriles, amines, acid anhydrides, a, ß-unsaturated ketones, ethers and nitro compounds.

2.3 Stereochemistry of carbon compounds : Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerism of lactic and tartaric acids, enantiomerism and diastereoisomerism; configuration (relative and absolute); conformations of alkanes upto four carbons, cyclohexane and dimethylcyclo-hexanes-their potential energy. D, L-and R, S-notations of compounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer, Newman and sawhorse-of compounds containing two adjacent chiral centres; meso and dl-isomers, erythro and threo isomers; racemization and resolution; examples of homotopic, enantiotopic and diasteretopic atoms and groups in organic compounds, geometrical isomers; E and Z notations. Stereochemistry of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions.

2.4 Organometallic compounds : Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, alkyl lithium compounds.

2.5 Active methylene compounds : Diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate-applications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (keto-enol).

2.6 iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of aromatic compounds : Aromaticity; Huckels rule; electrophilic aromatic substitution-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation (nuclear and side chain), Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, substituents effect; chemistry and reactivity of aromatic halides, phenols, nitro-, diazo, diazonium and sulphonic acid derivatives, benzyne reactions.

2.7 iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry of biomolecules : (i) Carobhydrates : Classification, reactions, structure of glucose, D, L-configuration, osazone formation; fructose and sucrose; step-up step-down of aldoses and ketoses, and ther interconversions, (ii) Amino acdis : Essential amino acids; zwitterions, isoelectric point, polypeptides; proteins; methods of synthesis of a-amino acids. (iii) Elementary idea of oils, fats, soaps and detergents.

2.8 Basic principles and applications of UV, visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy of simple organic molecules.

Section-C

Physical iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry)

3.1 Gaseous state : Deviation of real gases from the equation of state for an ideal gas, van der Waals and Virial equation of state, critical phenomena, principle of corresponding states, equation for reduced state. Liquification of gases, distribution of molecular speed, collisions between molecules in a gas; mean free path, speicific heat of gases

3.2 Thermodynamics : (i) First law and its applications: Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy, zeroth law of thermodynamics, various types of work done on a system in reversible and irreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermochemistry, enthalpy and enthalpy changes in various physical and chemical processes, Joule-Thomson effect, inversion temperautre. Heat capacities and temperature dependence of enthalpy and energy changes.

(ii) Second law and its applications : Spontaneity of a process, entropy and entropy changes in various processes, free energy functions, criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities.

3.3 Phase rule and its applications : Equilibrium bewteen liquid, solid and vapours of a pure substance, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications. Number of components, phases and degrees of freedom; phase rule and its applications; simple systems with one (water and sulphur) and two components (lead-silver, salt hydrates). Distribution law, its modifications, limitations and applications.

3.4 Solutions : Solubility and its temperature dependence, partially miscible liquids, upper and lower critical solution temperatres, vapour pressures of liquids over their mixtures, Raoults and Henrys laws, fractional and steam distillations.

3.5 Colligative Properties : Dilute solutions and colligative properties, determination of molecular weights using colligative properties.

3.6 Electrochemistry : Ions in solutions, ionic equilibria, dissociation constants of acids and bases, hydrolysis, pH and buffers, theory of indicators and acid-base titrations. Conductivity of ionic solutions, its variation with concentration, Ostwalds dilution law, Kohlrausch law and its application. Transport number and its determination. Faradays laws of electrolysis, galvanic cells and measurements of their e.m.f., cell reactions, standard cell, standard reduction potential, Nernst equation, relation between thermodynamic quantities and cell e.m.f., fuel cells, potentiometric titrations.

3.7 Chemical kinetics : Rate of chemical reaction and its dependence on concentrations of the reactants, rate constant and order of reaction and their experimental determination; differential and integral rate equations for first and second order reaction, half-life periods; temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters; elementary ideas regarding collision and transition state theory.

3.8 Photochemistry : Absorption of light, laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, the excited state and its decay by radiative, nonradiative and chemical pathways; simple photochemical reactions.

3.9 Catalysis : Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and their characteristics, mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysed reactions (Michaelis-Menten mechanism).

3.10 Colloids : The colloidal state, preparation and purification of colloids and their characteristics properties; lyophilic and lyophobic colloids and coagulation; protection of colloids; gels, emulsions, surfactants and micelles.

iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry Syllabus for IAS  Main Exam

1. Atomic structure

Quantum theory, Heisenbergs uncertainity principle, Schrodinger wave equation (time independent). Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box, quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions. Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.

2. Chemical bonding

Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, factors affecting stability of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds in molecules and their dipole moments. Valence bond theory, concept of resonance and resonance energy. Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method); bonding in homonuclear molecules: H2+, H2 to Ne2, NO, CO, HF, CN, CN–, BeH2 and CO2. Comparison of valence bond and molecular oribtal theories, bond order, bond strength and bond length.

3. Solid State

Forms of solids, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystal systems and crystal classes (crystallographic groups). Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unit cell. Laws of rational indices. Braggs law. X-ray diffraction by crystals. Close packing, radious ratio rules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values. Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl, CaF2, CdI2 and rutile. Imperfections in crystals, stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impurity defects, semi-conductors. Elementary study of liquid crystals.

4. The gaseous state

Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions, liquefictaion of gases and critical phenomena, Maxwells distribution of speeds, intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion.

5. Thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics, work done on the systems and heat absorbed in different types of processes; calorimetry, energy and enthalpy changes in various processes and their temperature dependence.

Second law of thermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in various process, entropy–reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics.

Micro and macro states; canonical ensemble and canonical partition function; electronic, rotational and vibrational partition functions and thermodynamic quantities; chemical equilibrium in ideal gas reactions.

6. Phase equilibria and solutions

Phase equilibria in pure substances; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and lower critical solution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

7. Electrochemistry

Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for various equilibrium and transport properties.

Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement of e.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.

Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer, current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques–voltameter, polarography, ampero-metry, cyclic-voltametry, ion selective electrodes and their use.

8. Chemical kinetics

Concentration dependence of rate of reaction; defferential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions. Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

9. Photochemistry

Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemical reactions between hydrogn and halogens and their quantum yields.

10. Surface phenomena and catalysis

Absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, adsorption isotherms,–Langmuir and B.E.T. isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristics and mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

11. Bio-inorganic chemistry

Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion-transport across the membranes (molecular mechanism), ionophores, photosynthesis–PSI, PSII; nitrogen fixation, oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.

12. Coordination chemistry

(a) Electronic configurations; introduction to theories of bonding in transition metal complexes. Valence bond theory, crystal field theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation of magnetism and electronic spactra of metal complexes.

(b) Isomerism in coordination compounds. IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; trans effect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planer complexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(c) Synthesis and structures of metal carbonyls; carboxylate anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.

(d) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding in metal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions, insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization. Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

13. General chemistry of ‘f’ block elements

Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral properties; lanthanide contraction.

14. Non-Aqueous Solvents

Reactions in liquid NH3, HF, SO2 and H2 SO4. Failure of solvent system concept, coordination model of non-aqueous solvents. Some highly acidic media, fluorosulphuric acid and super acids.

Paper-II

1. Delocalised covalent bonding : Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, kekulene, fulvenes, sydnones.

2(a) Reaction mechanisms : General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of study of mechanism or organic reactions illustrated by examples–use of isotopes, cross-over experiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy diagrams of simple organic reactions–transition states and intermediates; energy of activation; thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(b) Reactive intermediates : Generation, geometry, stability and reactions of carbonium and carbonium ions, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and niternes.

(c) Substitution reactions : SN1, SN2, SNi, SN1/, SN2/, SNi/ and SRN1 mechanisms; neighbouring group participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromatic compound including simple heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, furan thiophene, indole.

(d) Elimination reactions : E1, E2 and E1cb mechanism; orientation in E2 reactions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination–acetate pyrolysis, Chugaev and Cope eliminations.

(e) Addition reactions : Electrophilic addition to CºC and C=C; nucleophilic addition to C=O, CºN, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(f) Rearrangements : Pinacol-pinacolune, Hoffmann, Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

3. Pericyclic reactions : Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules—clectrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.

4. iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry and mechanism of reactions : Aldol condensation (including directed aldol condensation), Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer, Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

5. Polymeric Systems

(a) Physical chemistry of polymers : Polymer solutions and their thermodynamic properties; number and weight average molecular weights of polymers. Determination of molecular weights by sedimentation, light scattering, osmotic pressure, viscosity, end group analysis methods.

(b) Preparation and properties of polymers : Organic polymers–polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, nylon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber. Inorganic polymers–phosphonitrilic halides, borazines, silicones and silicates.

(c) Biopolymers : Basic bonding in proteins, DNA and RNA.

6. Synthetic uses of reagents : OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiA1H4 NaBH4 n-BuLi, MCPBA.

7. Photochemist : Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and ground states, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

8. Principles of spectroscopy and applications in structure elucidation

(a) Rotational spectra–diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotational constants.

(b) Vibrational spectra–diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specific frequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(c) Electronic spectra : Singlet and triplet states. N–>p* and p–>p* transitions; application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules.

(d) Nuclear magnetic resonance : Isochronous and anisochronous protons; chemical shift and coupling constants; Application of H1 NMR to simple organic molecules.

(e) Mass spectra : Parent peak, base peak, daugther peak, metastable peak, fragmentation of simple organic molecules; a cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement.

(f) Electron spin resonance : Inorganic complexes and free radicals.