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IAS Papers : Historical Background

admin — Mon, 02 Jul 2007 12:25:22 +0000

Indianisation of the superior Civil Services became one of the major demands of the political movement compelling the British Indian Government to consider setting up of a Public Service Commission for recruitment to its services in the territory. The first Public Service Commission was set up on October 1st, 1926. However, its limited advisory functions failed to satisfy the people’s aspirations and the continued stress on this aspect by the leaders of our freedom movement resulted in the setting up of the Federal Public Service Commission under the Government of India Act 1935. Under this Act, for the first time, provision was also made for the formation of Public Service Commissions at the provincial level.

The Constituent Assembly, after independence, saw the need for giving a secure and autonomous status to Public Service Commissions both at Federal and Provincial levels for ensuring unbiased recruitment to Civil Services as also for protection of service interests. With the promulgation of the new Constitution for independent India on 26th January, 1950, the Federal Public Service Commission was accorded a constitutional status as an autonomous entity and given the title – Union Public Service Commission Constitutional Provisions

The Union Public Service Commission has been established under Article 315 of the Constitution of India. The Commission consists of a Chairman and nine Members.

The terms and conditions of service of Chairman and Members of the Commission are governed by the Union Public Service Commission (Members) Regulations, 1969.

The Commission is serviced by a Secretariat headed by a Secretary with two Additional Secretaries, a number of Joint Secretaries, Deputy Secretaries and other supporting staff.

The Union Public Service Commission have been entrusted with the following duties and role under the Constitution:

Recruitment to services & posts under the Union through conduct of competitive examinations;

Recruitment to services & posts under the Central Government by Selection through Interviews;

Advising on the suitability of officers for appointment on promotion as well as transfer-on-deputation;

Advising the Government on all matters relating to methods of Recruitment to various services and posts;

Disciplinary cases relating to different civil services; and

Miscellaneous matters relating to grant of extra ordinary pensions, reimbursement of legal expenses etc.

The major role played by the Commission is to select persons to man the various Central Civil Services and Posts and the Services common to the Union and States (viz. All-India Services).

RECRUITMENT TO VARIOUS SERVICES AND POSTS

To Duties & Role of the Commission

Under Article 320 of the Constitution of India, the Commission are, inter-alia, required to be consulted on all matters relating to recruitment to civil services and posts.

RECRUITMENT is made by one of the following three methods:

Direct Recruitment;

Promotion

Transfer

DIRECT RECRUITMENT is conducted broadly under the following two methods:

Recruitment by competitive examination.

Recruitment by selection through interview.

RECRUITMENT BY COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION

Under the Constitution one of the functions of the Commission is to conduct examinations for appointment to Civil Services/Posts of the Union. In addition, competitive examinations are also held by the Commission under arrangements with the Ministry of Defence for entry to certain Defence Services, through the National Defence Academy, Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy and the Officers Training Academy.

The Commission usually conducts over a dozen examinations every year on an all India basis. These include Examinations for recruitment to services/posts in various fields, such as Civil Services, Engineering, Medical and Forest Service, etc.

For an overview of examinations regularly held by the Commission. See “Overview of Examination” under this Chapter.

At present the Union Public Service Commission conduct their examinations at numerous venues spread over 42 regular centers throughout the country.

RECRUITMENT BY SELECTION

Recruitment by Selection is made by the following methods:

By Interview Only

By Recruitment Test Followed By Interview

BY INTERVIEW ONLY

Where the number of applicants is very large, it is not practicable to call for Interview all the applicants who fulfill the minimum eligibility conditions prescribed. The Commission, therefore, shortlist the candidates to be called for the interview on the basis of certain pre-determined criteria related to the job. A large number of recruitment cases is handled by the Commission by the method (1) above.

BY WRITTEN TEST FOLLOWED BY INTERVIEW

In this category, there are two types of procedure followed:

An objective-type written and/or practical test to test the skill of the candidates followed by Interview, the final selection being decided by Interview, aided by the performance of the candidates in the written test and/or practical test.

An objective-type written and/or practical test to screen candidates to be called for interview, the final selection being decided by Interview only.

Appointment By Promotion And Transfer On Deputation/Transfer

In accordance with the procedure decided by the Government, in consultation with the Commission, Chairman or a Member of the Commission presides over the Departmental Promotion Committee Meetings to consider promotions from Group B to Group A and from one grade to another within group A, where promotion is to be made by Selection.

Deputation

The Recruitment Rules for a number of posts provide for appointment by Transfer on Deputation (including short term contract) and Transfer. When the field of consideration consists of Central Government as well as State officers, prior consultation with the Commission is necessary for selection of an officer. When the file for consideration is made more broad-based and consists of not only Central/State Government officers but also officers from Non-Government Institutions, the selection has to be made in consultation with the Union Public Service Commission.

All India Services

The All India Services Act, 1951 and Rules and Regulations framed thereunder regulate the recruitment and conditions of service in respect of the All India Services viz. Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service.

As far as direct recruitment to the Indian Administrative Service and Indian Police Service Examination are concerned, it is done through the Civil Services Examination and for the Indian Forest Service through the Indian Forest Service Examination held by the Commission.

The relevant Rules and Regulations provide that 33% of the vacancies in the IAS/IPS/IFS should be filled by promotion from amongst the officers of the State Service in consultation with the Commission. The Selection Committee presided over by Chairman/Member of the Commission consists of senior Government representatives of the Central Government and the State.

Mechanisation – Project Sampera

The Commission have recently undertaken a project called “SAMPERA” (Screening and Mechanised Processing of Examination and Recruitment Applications). A simplified single sheet common application form for all the examinations has been devised which will be scanned by using OMR/ICR technology. The implementation of this project will mainly help in high speed scanning of data from forms eliminating manual entry. Other benefits will be accurate and faster generation of Admit Cards, Attendance lists with photo replica and signature facsimile of each candidate, and Error-free list of doubtful cases. The main aim of this project is to cope with the increasing volume of applications through innovations and mechanised handling so as to reduce the processing time and send communications faster to minimised errors. The cases of impersonation/malpractices will also be eliminated and wasteful expenditure will be reduced.

RECRUITMENT RULES

In accordance with the provisions contained in Article 320 of the Constitution read with the provisions of Union Public Service Commission (Exemption from Consultation) Regulations 1958, Recruitment Rules of all Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B” posts in various Ministries/Departments of Government of India are required to be framed in Consultation with the Commission. Consultation with the Commission is also necessary for framing/amending Recruitment Rules for certain categories of posts under the Employees State Insurance Corporation, The Delhi Municipal Corporation, The New Delhi Municipal Council, Employees Provident Fund Organisation etc. under the relevant Acts made by Parliament in pursuance of the provisions of Article 321.

All proposals for framing/amending Recruitment Rules are examined keeping in view the cadre structure of the organisation and the circulars issued by the Govt. from time to time. After approval, the Commissions’ advice in the matter is communicated to the Ministry/Department concerned. More than 14000 Recruitment Rules have been framed/amended so far.

DISCIPLINARY MATTERS

To Duties & Role of the Commission

Under Article 320(3) of the Constitution the Commission are required to be consulted on the quantum of penalties in disciplinary cases affecting a person serving under the Government of India in a Civil Capacity.

EXTENSION OF FUNCTIONS TO LOCAL BODIES ETC

Article 321 also empowers the Parliament to extend the functions of the Public Service Commission to any local authority or other body corporate constituted by Law or by any public institutions.

EXEMPTIONS

In order to exempt some posts which for reasons of National Security or some other reasons may not be required to be referred to the Commission for their advice, the Union Public Service Commission (Exemption from Consultations) Regulations were issued on September 1, 1958, under Article 320(3)(a) and (b) of the Constitution. These Regulations are amended or revised as and when the need arises.

RECRUITMENT & CONDITIONS OF SERVICE ETC

The Provisions as contained in Article 309 & Article 311 of the Constitution are also required to be read in conjunction with the provisions as contained in Article 320 of the Constitution.

Binding nature of the advice of the Commission

A convention has been established by the Government of India, that in the following classes of the cases referred to the Commission, the recommendations made by them shall be accepted, save in exceptional circumstances. Quasi-judicial cases.

Selection for appointments of candidates. Appointment of a candidate on a higher initial pay than that of a minimum pay of the posts. Claims of expenditure incurred by the Government servants in defending legal proceedings instituted against him in respect of acts done or purporting to be done in the execution of his duty.

ANNUAL REPORTS

The Commission have a duty, under Article 323 of the Constitution to present annually to the President a Report as to the work done by the Commission and on receipt of such report, the president shall cause a copy there of together with the Memorandum explaining, as respect the cases, if any, where the advice of the Commission was not accepted, the reasons for such non-acceptance to be laid before each House of the Parliament. Back to General Information

IAS Papers : IAS Eligibility Criteria

admin — Thu, 28 Jun 2007 15:21:36 +0000

(i) Age limits :
21-30 years as on 1.7.2005. (Upper age limit relaxable for SCs/STs, OBCs and certain other categories as specified in Para 3(ii) of Notice).

(ii) Educational Qualifications :
Bachelor’s degree of a recognised university with at least one of the subjects namely Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Botany, iaspapers.info/category/chemistry" title='Read more about Chemistry'>Chemistry, iaspapers.info/category/geology" title='Read more about Geology'>Geology, Mathematics, Physcs, Statistics and Zoology or a Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture, Forestry or in Enginerring or an equivalent qualification (Para 3(iii) of Notice).

(iii) No. of permissible attempts :
Four (Seven attemps of OBCs and no limit for SCs/STs (Para 3 (iv) of Notice)

(iv) Fee :
Rs. 100/- (Rupees one hundred only)
(No fee for SCs/STs/Physically disabled only)

Instructions to candidates for filling up the Application Form for the Indian Forest Service Examination, 2005.

Side 1 of Application Form

Column 1 : Examination for which applying
Darken the circle against “IFS”, in the box pertaining to Name of examination, write IFS starting from the first box on the left. Also write 2007 in the boxes meant for year of examination.

Column 2 : Fee
If you have paid the requisite fee of Rs. 100/- (Rupees One hundred only), darken circle 1 and write 1 in the box; or
If you have not paid the fee and are claiming fee remission as SC, ST or Physically Handicapped, darken circle 2 and write 2 in the box.

N.B. : Fee is payable only in the form of Central Recruitment Fee Stamp, as per instructions against Column 12.

Column 3 : (I) Whether Physically Handicapped?
If you are not a physically handicapped person, darken circle 1 for No and write 1 in the box; or
If you are a physically handicapped person, darken circle 2 for yes and write 2 in the box.
(II) If yes, indicate category

Fill up this Column only if your answer to Column 3(I) is yes.
If you are Orthopaedically handicapped, darken circle 1 and write 1 in the box; or
If you are Blind, darken circle 2 and write 2 in the box; or
If you are Deaf-Mute, darken circle 3 and write 3 in the box.

Column 4 : Community
If you belong to SC, darken circle 1 and write 1 in the box; or
If you belong to ST, darken circle 2 and write 2 in the box; or
If you belong to OBC, darken circle 3 and write 3 in the box; or
If you belong to General Category (Others), darken circle 4 and write 4 in the box.

Note 1 : Candidates belonging to OBCs but comming in the Creamy Layer and thus not being entitled to OBC reservation should indicate their community as “General Category (Others) Code No. 4″.
Note 2 : Candidates belonging to neither SC, ST, nor OBC communities should write Code No. 4 (General Category) against the Column for Community and not leave it blank.
Note 3 : No change in the community status indicated by a candidate in his/her application form for the Examination will ordinarily be allowed by the Commission at a subsequent stage.

Column 5 : Sex
If you are Male, darken circle 1 and write 1 in the box; or
If you are Female, darken circle 2 and write 2 in the box;

Column 6 : Nationality
If you are an Indian national, darken circle 1 and write 1 in the box; or
If you are not an Indian national, darken circle 2 and write 2 in the box.

Column 7 : Name of the candidate
For filling up this column, first write in the boxes your full name (in iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English) in capital letters exactly as recorded in your Matriculation/High School/Secondary or equivalent examination certificate. Write a single letter in a box. Leave a box blank between any two parts of the name. Then darken the corresponding circle below each letter. Do not darken a circle below a blank box. Do not overshoot the boxes. Abbreviate name only if necessary. Do not use any prefix such as shri, Kum., Dr. etc with your name.
See sample filled up form in the brochure for guidance.

Column 8 : Date of Birth
Darken the appropriate circles for the day, month and year of your birth as recorded in your Matriculation/High School/Secondary or equivalent examination certificate. Then write in the boxes using numerals 01 to 31 for day; numerals 01 to 12 for month and the last two digits for the year of birth.
See sample filled up form in the brochure for guidance.

Column 9 : Father’s Name
Write your father’s name (in iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English) in capital letters. Write a single letter in each box. Leave a box blank between any two parts of the name. Do not use any prefix such as Shri, Dr. etc.

Column 10 : Address
Write your complete mailing address including your name in iaspapers.info/category/english" title='Read more about English'>English capital letters or Hindi within the box provided for the purpose. Also write the PIN Code therein. Write with blue or black ball pen only. Do not write outside the box. Please note that this address will be photocopied as such in all letters to be sent to you and therefore, it should be very clearly and legibly written.
If you make any mistake in writing the address, cover the whole box with an exact sized white paper slip and rewrite your address on that.

Column 11 : Photograph
Paste firmly in the space provided your recent photograph of 4 cm. x 5 cm. size (preferably in Black & white). Do not staple the photograph. Photograph should neither be signed by you nor it should be got attested.

Column 12 : Space for CRF Stamp
Fee to be paid for the Indian Forest Service Examination is Rs. 100/- (Rupees One hundred only). SC/ST and Physically Handicapped candidates are not required to pay any fee. No fee exemption is however available to OBC candidates and they are required to pay the prescribed full fee.

Fee is payable only through Central Recruitment Fee Stamp (Not postage stamps). No other mode of payment is acceptable. Obtain only one single CRF Stamp of Rs. 100/- denomination from the post office and paste it firmly within the box. After pasting the CRF Stamp on the form, get it cancelled from the post office of purchase in the space provided. Do not staple the CRF Stamp.

Side 2 of Application Form

Column 13 : (I) Are you residing in a remote area or abroad
If you are residing in a remote area specified in Para 6 of the Notice of the Examination or abroad, darken circle 1 against Yes and write 1 in the box; or
If you are not residing in a specified remote area/abroad, darken circle 2 against No and write 2 in the box.

N.B. : Candidates residing in a remote area specified in the Notice of the Examination or abroad are entitled to one week’s additional time for submission of application form.
(II) If yes, indicate area code :
Darken the appropriate circles for the area code as given below and then write the same code in the boxes.

Area	Code	Area	Code
Assam	01	Sikkim	08
Meghalaya	02	Jammu & Kashmir	09
Arunachal Pradesh	03	Lahaul and Spiti District and Pangi Sub Division of Chamba District of Himachal Pradesh	10
Mizoram	04
Manipur	05	Andman & NicobarIsland	11
Nagaland	06	Lakshadweep	12
Tripura	07	Abroad	13

: Examination Centre Code
Choose the Examination Centre from the list given below where you wish to appear and see its code. Darken the appropriate circles and then write the same code in the boxes. Do not indicate more than one centre.

List of Centres of Examination

Centre	Code	Centre	Code	Centre	Code
Agartala	45	Gangtok	42	Panaji (Goa)	36
Ahmedabad		Hyderabad	10	Patna	15
Aizawal	47	Imphal	44	Port Blair	37
Allahabad	02	Itanagar	48	Raipur	49
Bangalore	03	Jaipur	11	Ranchi	41
Bareilly	54	Jammu	34	Sambalpur	53
Bhopal	04	Jorhat	46	Shillong	16
Chandigarh	35	Kochi	24	Shimla	17
Chennai	12	Kohima	43	Srinagar	18
Cuttack	07	Kolkata	06	Thiruvananthapuram	19
Dehradun	14	Lucknow	26	Tirupati	50
Delhi	08	Madurai	40	Udaipur	52
Dharwar	39	Mumbai	05	Vishakhapatnam	51
Dispur	09	Nagpur	13

Column 15 : Educational Qualification Code

Codes prescribed for educational qualification are as follows :

Code	Educational qualification
01	If you have already passed the requisite qualifying Examination, with prescribed subject;
02	If you have appeared/appearing at the requisite qualifying Examination, with prescribed subject;

Choose the correct code applicable in your case and darken the appropriate circles. Write the same code in the boxes.
Note: For prescribed subjects see para 3 (iii) of Notice.

Column 16:
(I) Whether claiming age relaxation
If you are claiming age relaxation, darken circle 1 for Yes and write 1 in the box; or If you are not claiming age relaxation, darken circle 2 for No and write 2 in the box.
(II) If Yes, indicate category code Fill up this Column only if your response to Column 16(I) is Yes. Darken the appropriate circles for category codes given below and then write the same code in the boxes.
Category – Codes for Claiming Age Relaxation
(Refer Para 3(ii) (b) of Commission’s Notice published in the Employment News/Rozgar Samachar)

Code No.	Category	Extent of Age Relaxation Permissible
01.	SC and ST	5 years
02	OBC	3 years
03	Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons.	10 years
04	Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons + SC/ST	15 years
05	Blind, deaf-mute and Orthopaedically handicapped persons + OBC	13 years
06	Defence Services Personnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreign country or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof.	3 years
07	Defence Services Personnel(as against Code No. 06) + SC/ST	8 years
08	Defence Services Personnel(as against Code No. 06) + OBC 6 years
09	Ex-Servicemen including Commissioned offices and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered at least five years Military Service as on 1st January, 2005 and have been released (i) on completion of assignment (including those whose assignment is due to be completed within one year from 1st January, 2005) otherwise than by way of dismi-ssal or discharge on account of misconduct or inefficiency;or (ii) on account of physical disability attributable to Military Service; or (iii) on invalidment.	5 years
10	Ex-Servicemen including Commissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs (as against Code No. 09) + SC/ST	10 years
11	Ex-Servicemen including + OBC Commissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs (as against Code No. 09)	8 years
12	ECOs/SSCOs who have completed an initial period of assignment of five years of Military Service as on 1st January,2005 and whose assignment has been extended beyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issues a certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that they will be released on three months notice on selection from the date of receipt of offer of appointment.	5 years
13	ECOs/SSCOs (as againstCode No. 12) + SC/ST	10 years
14	ECOs/SSCOs (as againstCode No. 12) + OBC	8 years
15	Candidates who had ordinarily been domiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period from 1st January, 1980 to 31st December, 1989	5 years
16	Candidates who had ordinarily been domiciled in the State of J & K (as against Code No. 15) + SC/ST	10 years
17	Candidates who had ordinarily been domiciled in the State of J & K (as against Code No. 15) + OBC	8 years

(I) Optional subject
Choose any two optional subject from the list given below and see their codes. Darken the appropriate circles and then write the same code in the boxes.

(II) No. of attempts already made?
Write the number of attempts already made by you in the Indian Forest Services Examination in the boxes and darken the appropriate circles. If no attempt has been made by you earlier, darken circles 00 and write ‘00’ in the boxes.

Columns 21 and 22 :
Candidates appearing for the Indian Forest Services Examination 2005 are not required to fill any of these columns. They should, therefore, leave these Columns blank.

Column 23 : Declaration
The candidate must read the declaration carefully before signing. In Sub-para (i), the candidate must fill up the Examination Notice number viz. 06/2005 and date of publication of Notice in Employment News/Rozgar Samachar viz., 05.02.2005 in the spaces provided before the asterisk marks.

Column 24 : Signature of candidate
Make your usual signature in blue or black ball pen within the box provided. Your signature must not overflow or touch the border of the box provided. Do not merely write your name in capital letters in place of signature. Unsigned applications will be rejected.
Also write the place and date of signing the form in the spaces provided for the purpose.

Verify the following before mailing the application
1. That you have used the application form purchased from the designated Head Post Offices/Post Offices only.

2. That you have filled in all the relevant columns of the application form by blackening the appropriate circles and also writing the corresponding code(s) in boxes. It may be carefully checked that there is no variation between the entries made by you by darkening the circles and those written in the accompanying boxes.

3. That you have pasted your recent photograph preferably in black & white (unsigned and unattested) in column 11 of the application form.

4. That in case you are required to pay fee, you have affixed a Central Recruitment Fee Stamp of Rs. 100/- denomination in column 12 of the application form and have got it cancelled from the Post Office.

5. That you have signed in column 24 of the application form.

6. That only one application form and one acknowledgement card is being mailed in the envelope supplied to you with the Brochure and no other enclosure is attached therewith.

7. That you have written the name of examination viz., “Indian Forest Service Examination, 2005″ on the envelope meant for despatch of application form and acknowledgement card. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR CANDIDATES

Special instructions to Candidates for Conventional type of papers

Articles permitted inside Examination Hall
Battery-operated pocket calculators of “non-programmable” type only,
mathematical/engineering/drawing instruments, including a flat rule divided on the edges into inches and tens of an inch and into centimeters and millimeters, a slide rule, set squares, a protractor and a pair of compasses, pencils, coloured pencils, mapping pens, eraser, T-square and drawing board for use wherever necessary. Candidates are not allowed to bring with them any “Tables or Charts” for use in the Examination Hall.

Mobile phones, pagers or any other communication devices are not allowed inside the premises where the examination is being conducted. Any infringement of these instructions shall entail disciplinary action including ban from future examinations.
Candidates are advised in their own interest not to bring any of the banned item including mobile phones/pagers to the venue of the examination, as arrangement for safekeeping can not be assured.

Tables to be supplied by UPSC
If it is considered necessary for answering the questions set in any paper, the Commission may supply any of the following for reference purpose only:-

(i) Mathematical/Physical, Chemical and Engineering Tables (including Logarithmic Tables);

(ii) Steam Table (including Mollier Diagrams for Temperature up to 800 C and Pressure up to 500 Kgf/Cm);

(iii) National Building Code of India 1970 or 1983 Group 2 Part VI;

(iv) Any other special articles as may be necessary for the candidates to answer the questions set in the question paper.

After conclusion of the examination, return the above items to the Invigilator.

Answers to be written in own hand
Write the answers in your own hand in ink. Pencil may be used for maps, mathematical drawings or rough work.

Check Answer Book
The candidate must write his roll number (and not his name) only in the space provided for the purpose on every answer book used by him. Before writing in the answer book, please see that it is complete. In case there are any missing pages, it should be got replaced.

Do not tear out any pages from the Answer Book. If you use more than one Answer Book, indicate on the cover of first Answer Book the total number of Answer Books used. Do not leave any blank, unused spaces between answers. If such spaces are left, score them out.

Answers in excess of prescribed number will be ignored
The candidate must attempt questions strictly in accordance with the directions given on each question paper. If questions are attempted in excess of the prescribed number shall be valued and the remaining answers will be ignored.

Questions relating to graph/ récis should be attempted only on graph/ récis sheets to be supplied on demand by the Invigilators. All loose sheets such as récis sheet, drawing papers, graph sheets etc. whether used or not, should be placed inside the answer books and fastened along with the additional answer book(s), if any. Candidates who fail to observe this instruction will be penalized.
Do not write your roll number on these sheets.

Unfair means strictly prohibited
Do not copy from the papers of any other candidate nor allow your papers to be copied nor give nor attempt to give nor obtain nor attempt to obtain irregular assistance of any description. It will be responsibility to every candidate to ensure that his answers are not copied by another candidate. Failure to do so will invite penalty, as may be awarded by the Commission for adoption of unfair means.

Conduct in Examination Hall
Do not misbehave in any manner or create disorderly scene in the examination hall or harass or bodily harm the staff deployed for the conduct of examination. You will be severely penalized if you attempt to do so.

Please read carefully and abide by the instructions printed on the Question Paper and on the Answer Book supplied in the Examination Hall.