Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at ieast one question from each Section.

SECTION A
1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write
short descriptive notes on the places plotted by you on the map:
(i)      Achichhatra                             (xi) Mehrgarh
(ii)     Amaravati                               (xii) Paithan
(iii) Bhimbaitka                                 (xiii) Pataliputra
(iv) Champa                                      (xiv) Samath
(v)      Kalibangan                              (xv) Siddapura
(vi) Kanauj                                      (xvi) Somnath
(vii) Kapilvastu                                 (xvii) Tamralipti
(viii) Karle                                     (xviii) Taxila
(ix) Mahabalipuram                               (xix) Tripuri
(x)      Mathura                                 (xx) Udaigit

2. Describe the social life of the later Vedic people. How was it different from the Rig-Vedic life?

3. Explain the social aspects of Buddhism and account for its decline in India.

4. Give an account of the rise of the Chalukyas of Vatapi and their struggle with other rulers. Write a note on their patronage of arts.

SECTION B
5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following
topics:
(a) The ‘Corps of Forty’ and its relations with the Sultans.
(b) The Token Currency System introduced by Muhammad Tughlaq.
(c) Was Din-i-Ilahi ‘a monument of Akbar’s folly’ ?
(d) The system of the collection of Chauth and Sardesh-mukhi by the Maratha rulers.

6. The Cholas are said to have established a strong and well organised administration with an element of self-government at the local level. Do you agree? Give reasons.

7. Discuss the growth of the Niguna School of Bhakti Movement emphasising the contribution of Kabir and Nanak to it.

8. In what ways were Aurangzeb’s Rajput and religious policies different from those of his predecessors? What were the consequences of the changes made by him?

PAPER – II
Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.

SECTION A        (MODERN INDIA)
1. Comment on any THREE of the following statements in about 200 words each:

(a) ‘The Treaty of Salbai (1782) was neither honourable to the English nor
advantageous to their interests.’
(b) ‘The object of the Act (Regulating) was good, butsystem that it established was imperfect.’
(c) ‘Permanent Settlement disappointed manyexpectations and introduced there results that were not anticipated.’
(d) ‘We are therefore unable to advise the British Government that the power which at present resides in British hands should be handed over to two entirely separate sovereign States.’

2. Discuss the causes that led to the ‘economic drain’ in Bengal following the Battle of Plassey.

3. Examine the impact of British rule on Indian Society in the 19th Century.

4. Analyse Indian foreign policy of Non-alignment between 1947 and 1964.

SECTION B       (WORLD HISTORY)
5. Comment on any THREE of the following statements in about 200 words each:

(a) ‘Rousseau’s political philosophy contains the seedsof Socialism, Absolutism and Democracy.’
(b) ‘Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but inmany ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang’
(c) ‘To Bismarck the conclusion of the Treaty of May 20, 1882, was the
culmination of this system.’
(d) ‘The most important single factor ……. in the yearsfollowing 1919 was the French demand for security.
6. Review the background of the Chartist Movement. Despite its failure how had their demands been met in the succeeding years?

7. What were the weaknesses and difficulties of the Weimer Republic? How did Hitler succeed in establishing his dictatorship?

8. Analyse the factors for the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union during 1985-1991.

Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at ieast one question from each Section.
SECTION A
1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on the places plotted by you on the map:       4 x 15 = 60
(i)      Achichhatra                             (xi) Mehrgarh
(ii)     Amaravati                               (xii) Paithan
(iii) Bhimbaitka                                 (xiii) Pataliputra
(iv) Champa                                      (xiv) Samath
(v)      Kalibangan                              (xv) Siddapura
(vi) Kanauj                                      (xvi) Somnath
(vii) Kapilvastu                                 (xvii) Tamralipti
(viii) Karle                                     (xviii) Taxila
(ix) Mahabalipuram                               (xix) Tripuri
(x)      Mathura                                 (xx) Udaigit
2. Describe the social life of the later Vedic people. How was it different from the Rig-Vedic life?                                                                  60
3. Explain the social aspects of Buddhism and account for its decline in India.      60
4. Give an account of the rise of the Chalukyas of Vatapi and their struggle with other rulers. Write a note on their patronage of arts.                           60
SECTION B
5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following topics:                                                                20 x 3 = 60
(a) The ‘Corps of Forty’ and its relations with the Sultans.                    60
(b) The Token Currency System introduced by Muhammad Tughlaq.
(c) Was Din-i-Ilahi ‘a monument of Akbar’s folly’ ?
(d) The system of the collection of Chauth and Sardesh-mukhi by the Maratha rulers.
6. The Cholas are said to have established a strong and well organised administration with an element of self-government at the local level. Do you agree? Give reasons.                                                                         60
7. Discuss the growth of the Niguna School of Bhakti Movement emphasising the contribution of Kabir and Nanak to it.                                           60
8. In what ways were Aurangzeb’s Rajput and religious policies different from those of his predecessors? What were the consequences of the changes made by him?
60

PAPER – II
Time Allowed: Three Hours

Maximum Marks: 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of
the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
SECTION A        (MODERN INDIA)
1. Comment on any THREE of the following statements in about 200 words each:
20 x 3 = 60
(a) ‘The Treaty of Salbai (1782) was neither honourable to the English nor
advantageous to their interests.’
(b) ‘The object of the Act (Regulating) was good, butsystem that it established was imperfect.’
(c) ‘Permanent Settlement disappointed manyexpectations and introduced there results that were not anticipated.’
(d) ‘We are therefore unable to advise the British Government that the power which at present resides in British hands should be handed over to two entirely separate sovereign States.’
2. Discuss the causes that led to the ‘economic drain’ in Bengal following the Battle of Plassey.                                                                      60
3. Examine the impact of British rule on Indian Society in the 19th Century.         60
4. Analyse Indian foreign policy of Non-alignment between 1947 and 1964.             60
SECTION B       (WORLD HISTORY)
5. Comment on any THREE of the following statements in about 200 words each:
20 x 3 = 60
(a) ‘Rousseau’s political philosophy contains the seedsof Socialism, Absolutism and Democracy.’
(b) ‘Napoleon was the child of the Revolution, but inmany ways he reversed the aims and principles of the movement from which he sprang’
(c) ‘To Bismarck the conclusion of the Treaty of May 20, 1882, was the
culmination of this system.’
(d) ‘The most important single factor ……. in the yearsfollowing 1919 was the French demand for security.
6. Review the background of the Chartist Movement. Despite its failure how had their demands been met in the succeeding years?                                  60
7. What were the weaknesses and difficulties of the Weimer Republic? How did Hitler succeed in establishing his dictatorship?                                 60
8. Analyse the factors for the collapse of Soviet Communism and Soviet Union during 1985-1991.                                                                60

HISTORY
Paper II
INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 and 5 which are compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question. Answer should be precise and to the point.

SECTION – A

( Modern India )

1. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each : 20×3=60

a). “ Though the Permanent Settlement had serious defects ,it gave tranquility to the countryside and stability to the
government”.

b). “ The Arya Samaj may quite logically be pronounced as the outcomes of conditions imported into India by the
west.” ( Lala Lajpat Rai)

c). “Please remember, in granting separate electorates we are sowing the dragons’s teeth and harvest will be bitter.”
( Morley)

d). “ The annexation of Awadh shook the loyalty of the Sepoy’s , as it was for them an ultimate proof of untrustworthiness of the British.”

2.a). Why was Mysore considered a threat by the British to their possessions and mercantile interests in the south ? Do
You think that Tipu Sultan’s posturing became his undoing?

b). How did the East India Company became the dejure power in India? 30

3. a). How did social legislation in the nineteenth century improve the condition of women in India? 30

b). Analyze the social composition of the early Congress leadership. 30

4. a). Discuss as to why the congress accepted the partition of India in 1947. 30

b). Do you think that Quit India movement was a Spontaneous Revolution ? 30

SECTION B : ( World History )

5. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each : 20×3=60

a). “ The capitalism which gave the European empires their apparent solidarity and permanence also hastened their downfall.”

b). “ In all the long annals of Imperialism , the partition of Africa is a remarkable freak.”

c). “ Hitler did not really want a world War. His intention was only a short war with Poland.” ( A. J. P. Taylar )

d). “Arab nationalism and oil – these were the principal Factors in complicating the relations of middle eastern countries with the outside world.”

6. a) Discuss the emergence of neo-imperialism in the late nineteenth century. 30

b). What was the extent of industrilisation in western Europe by the end of the nineteenth century? 30

7. a). How did Nepoleon Bonapart fuse the old France with the new ? 30

b). Why did Vietnam go through thirty years of war after the second world war? 30

8. a). Account for the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in Russia 30

b). Examine the peace keeping efforts of the United Nations Organization. 30

Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 and 5 which are
compulsory and any three of the remaining questions selecting
at least one question from each Section.

SECTION – A
1. Marks any fifteen of the following places on the map
supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on these
places marked by you. 4×15=60
i. Koldihwa
ii. Kuchai
iii. Utnar
iv. Patne
v. Semthan
vi. Bagasra
vii. Balatha
viii. Hallur
ix. Kandahar
x. Ter
xi. Uchh
xii. Gyaraspur
xiii. Uttaramerur
xiv. Lalkot
xv. Sittanavasal
xvi. Mansura
xvii. Jaunpur
xviii. Daojali Hading
xix. Machilipatnam
xx. Mahisadal

2. In what ways are the accounts of the Graeco Romans and
the Chinese helpful in reconstructing the social history of
India ? How far is their information corroborated by other
Contemporary sources. 60

3. a). Evaluate the various approaches to the understanding of
vedic religion. 30
b). Give an account of the use of gold coins by commoners
in the Gupta Period. 30

4. Bring out the regional variations in the early South Indian
Temple’s architectural styles. 60

SECTION B

5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any
three of the following: 20×3=60

a). Applicability of the term ‘ Indian Feudalism’ to early
Medieval Society.
b). Muhammad Tughluq as an agrarian innovator.
c). Implications of Akbar’s notion of Sulh-i-kul.
d). Estimates of population of Mughal India.

6. a). How far can the village assemblies or communities
under the Cholas be really called democratic. 30
b). Assess Kalhana’s views on History. 30

7. a). Identify the main factors that sustained the expansion of
urban economy in the Delhi Sultanate. 30
b). Give an estimate of Akbar as a promoter of technology.30

8. a). Give a critical assessment of the contributions of Amir
Khusarau and Barani to Indo – Persian Literature. 30
b). The major cause of revolts against the Mughal Empire
during the latter half of the 17th century were economic ,
rather than religious.” Discuss. 30

# General Science.
# Current events of national and international importance
# History of India and Indian National Movement
# Indian and World Geography
# Indian Polity and Economy
# General Mental Ability

Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events, knowledge of significant national and international events will be tested. In History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects.

Civil Services (Preliminary) General Studies Exam 2009

PAPER – I

SECTION-A

1. Mark any fifteen of the following places on the map supplied to you and write short descriptive notes on places plotted by you on the map:

(1) Mohenjodaro (2) Burzahom

(3) Inamgaon (4) Sannathi

(5) Kaveripattinam (6) Sisupalgarh

(7) Anuradhapura (8) Karnasuvarna

(9) Chittagong (10) Chitore

(11) Pratishthana (12) Vidisa

(13) Hampi (14) Warangal

(15) Diu (16) Seringapatam

(17) Debal (18) Fatehpur Sikri

(19) Bijapur (20) Sasaram

2. Determine the extent of the Mauryan empire.

3. Assess the status of women in India from c. 4th century BC to AD 6th century.

4. What are the salient features of the administrative system of the Guptas ?

SECTION-B

5. Write short essays in not more than 200 words each on any three of the following:

(a) The Samanta system

(b) The Bahmani kingdom

(c) Mughal painting

(d) Chaianyadeva and Vaishnavism

6. Give your opinion on the urban development in India during the Mughal times.

7. “The tenets of Hindu and Muslim mystics were similar enough that the ground was ripe for syncretic movements involving adherents of both religious.”Elucidate.

8. How would you like to characterize the eighteenth century in Indian history?

PAPER – II – 2005

SECTION-A (Modern India)

1. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each:20×3=60

(a) ‘Upon the whole, then, I conclude that the treaty of Bassein was wise, just and a politic measure.’

(b) ‘Whatever might have been its original character, it (Rebellion of 1857) soon became a symbol of challenge to the mighty British power in India ‘

(c) ‘The impact of government on the people meant essentially the impact of government on the village.’

(d) ‘The national democratic awakening of the Indian people found expression also in the religious sphere.’

2. Examine the essential principles of the Subsidiary Alliance system. How far did it contribute in making the British Company the supreme sovereign authority in India? 60

3. Trace the development of the famine policy of the British in India 1876 and 1921. Did it provide relief to the people? 60

4. Analyse the factors responsible for the Civil Disobedience movement (1930-31). How far were its aims realised in the Government of India Act of 1935 ? 60

SECTION-B

(World History)

5. Comment on any three of the following statements in about 200 words each: 20×3=60

(a) ‘Though reform was inevitable, the Act (1832) by which it was accomplished was open to grave criticism.’

(b) ‘The writings of the philosophers had a tremendous influence on the minds of the people and created a revolutionary awakening in their minds and formed the intellectual creed of the French Revolution.’

(c) ‘They have stopped me from making Italy by diplomacy from the North, I will make it by revolution from the South.’

(d) ‘The Russian Revolution (1917) was an economic explosion hastened by the stupidities of the autocratic Government’

6. ‘What were the factors that worked in the drafting of the American Constitution?

Do you agree with Beard’s view of the constitution being an Economic Document? 60

7. Discuss the circumstances leading to the Chinese Revolution of 1949 and analyse its significance. 60

8. Critically examine the various dimensions and phases of the cold war between 1947 and 1962. 60

History Syllabus for Preliminary Examination

Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organization; evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organization of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science. Alberuni’s “India”. Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “Slave” Rulers. Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlugs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl; Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitts India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labor.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements; growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness; Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growth of “Extremism” and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 – the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehrus vision of a developed, socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression. History Syllabus for Main Examination

Paper-I
Section-A
1. Sources and approaches to study of early Indian history.
2. Early pastoral and agricultural communities. The archaeological evidence.
3. The Indus Civilization: its origins, nature and decline.
4. Patterns of settlement, economy, social organization and religion in India (c. 2000 to 500 B.C.) : archaeological perspectives.
5. Evolution of north Indian society and culture: evidence of Vedic texts (Samhitas to Sutras).
6. Teachings of Mahavira and Buddha. Contemporary society. Early phase of state formation and urbanization.
7. Rise of Magadha; the Mauryan empire. Ashokas inscriptions; his dhamma. Nature of the Mauryan state.
8-9 Post-Mauryan period in northern and peninsular India: Political and administrative history,. Society, economy, culture and religion. Tamilaham and its society: the Sangam texts.
10-11 India in the Gupta and post-Gupta period (to c. 750) : Political histroy of northern and peninsular India; Samanta system and changes in political structure; economy; social structure; culture; religion.
12. Themes in early Indian cultural history: languages and texts; major stages in the evolution of art and architecture; major philosphical thinkers and schools; ideas in science and mathematics.

Section-B
13. India, 750-1200 : Polity, society and economy. Major dynasties and political structurs in North India. Agrarian structures. ” Indian feudalism”. Rise of Rajputs. The Imperial Cholas and their contemporaries in Peninsular India. Villagle communities in the South. Conditions fof women. Commerce mercantile groups and guilds; towns. Problem of coinage. Arab conquest of Sind; the Ghaznavide empire.
14. India, 750-1200: Culture, Literature, Kalhana, historian. Styles of temple architecture; sculpture. Religious thought and institutions: Sankaracharyas vedanta. Ramanuja. Growth of Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India. Sufism. Indian science. Alberuni and his study of Indian science and civilization.
15. The 13th Century. The Ghorian invasions. Factors behind Ghorian success. Economic, social and cultural consequences. Foundation of Delhi Sultanate. The “slave” Dynasty. IItutmish; Balban. “The Khalji Revolution”. Early Sultanate architecture.
16. The 14th Century. Alauddin Khaljis conquests, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughluqs major “projects”. Firuz Tughluqs concessions and public works. Decline of the Sultante. Foreing contacts: Ibn Battuta.
17. Economy societyand culture in the 13th and 14th centureis. Caste and slavery under sultanate. Tehnological changes. Sultanate architecture. [persian literature: Amir Khusrau, Historiography; Ziya Barani. Evolution of a composite culture. Sufism in North India. Lingayats. Bhakti schools in the south.
18. The 15th and early16th Century (Political History). Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat, Malwa, Bahmanids. The Vijayanagra Empire. Lodis. Mughal Empire, First phase : Babur, Humayun. The Sur Empire : Sher Shahs administration. The Portuguese colonial enterprise.
19. The 15th and early 16th Century (society, economy and culture). Regional cultures and literatures. provincial architectural styles. Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.
Monotheistic movements: Kabir and Guru Nank. Bhakti Movements: Chaitanya. Sufism in its pantheistic phase.
20. Akbar: His conquests and consolidation of empire. Establishment of jagir and mansab systems. His Rajput policy. Evolution of religious and social outlook. Theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious policy. Abul Fazl, thinker and historian. Court patronage of art and technology.
21. Mughal empire in the 17th Century. Major policies (administrative and religious) of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb. The Empire and the Zamindars. Nature of the Mughal state. Late 17th Century crisis: Revolts. The Ahom kingdom, Shivaji and the early maratha kingdom.
22. Economy and society, 16th and 17th Centuries. Population. Agricultural and craft production. Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French companies- a “trade revolution”. Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance and credit systems. Conditions of peasants, famines. Condition of Women.
23. Culture during Mughal Empire. Persian literature (including historical works). Hindi and relgious literatures. Mughal architecture. Mughal painting. Provincial schools of architecture and painting. Classical music. Science and technology. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Mystic eclecticism : Dara Shukoh. Vaishnav Bhakti. Mahrasthra Dharma. Evolution of the Sikh community (Khalsa).
24. First half of 18th Century: Factors behind decline of the Mughal Empire. The regional principalities (Nizams Deccan, Bengal, Awadh). Rise of Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas. The Maratha fiscal and financial system. Emergency of Afghan Power. Panipat, 1761. Internal weakness, political cultural and economic, on eve of the British conquest.

Paper-II
Section-A
1. Establishment of British rule in India: Factors behind British success against Indian powers-Mysore, Maratha Con federacy and the Punjab as major powers in resistance; Policy of subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse.
2. Colonial Economy : Tribute system. Drain of wealth and “deindustrialisation”, Fiscal pressures and revenue settlements (Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari settlements); Structure of the British raj up to 1857 (including the Acts of 1773 and 1784 and administrative organization).
3. Resistance to colonia rule : Early uprisings; Causes, nature and impact of the Revolt of 1857; Reorganisation of the Raj, 1858 and after.
4. Socio-cultural impact of colonial rule: Official social reform measures (1828-57); Orientalist-Anglicist controversy; coming of English education and the press; Christian missionary activities;Bengal Renaissance; Social and religious reform movements in Bengal and other areas; Women as focus of social reform.
5. Economy 1858-1914: Railways; Commercialisation of Indian agriculture; Growth of landless labourers and rural indebtedness; Famines; India as market for British industry; Customs removal, exchange and countervailing excise; Limited growth of modern industry.
6. Early Indian Nationalism: Social background; Formation of national associations; Peasant and tribal uprising during the early nationalist era; Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Moderate phase of the Congress; Growth of Extremism; The Indian Council Act of 1909; Home Rule Movement; The Government of India Act of 1919.
7. Inter-War economy of India: Industries and problem of Protection; Agricultural distress; the Great Depression; Ottawa agreements and Discriminatory Protection; the growth of trade unions; The Kisan Movement; The economic programme of the Congress Karachi resolution, 1931.
8. Nationalism under Gandhis leadership: Gandhis career, thought and methods of mass mobilisation; Rowlatt Satyagraha, Khilafat- Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, 1940 Satyagraha and Quit India Movement; State Peoples Movement.
9. Other strands of the National Movement:
a) Revolutionary movements since 1905; (b) Constitutional politics; Swarajists, Liberals, Responsive Cooperation; (c) Ideas of Jawharlal Nehru, (d) The Left (Socialists and Communists); (e) Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army; (f) Communal strands: Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha; (g) Women in the National Movement.
10. Literary and cultural lmovements: Tagore, Premchand, Subramanyam Bharati, Iqbal as examples only; New trends in art; Film industry; Writers Organisations and Theatre Associations.
11. Towards Freedom: The Act of 1935; Congress Ministries, 1937-1939; The Pakistan Movement; Post-1945 upsurge (RIN Mutiny, Telangana uprising etc.,); Consititutional negotiations and the Transfer of Power, 15 August 1947.
12. First phase of Independence (1947-64): Facing the consequences of Partition; Gandhijis murder; economic dislocation; Integration of States; The democratic constitution, 1950; Agrarian reforms; Building an industrial welfare state; Planning and industrialisation; Foreign policy of Non-alignment; Relations with neighbours.

Section-B
13. Enlightenment and Modern ideas
#1. Renaissance Background
#2. Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau
#3. Spread of Enlightenment outside Europe
#4. Rise of socialist ideas (to Marx)

14. Origins of Modern Politics
#1. European States System
#2. American Revolution and the Constitution.
#3. French revolution and after math, 1789-1815.
#4. British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, chartists.

15. Industriatization
#1. English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society
#2. Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan
#3. Socialist Industrialization: Soviet and Chinese.

16. Nation-State System
#1. Rise of Nationalism in 19th century
#2. Nationalism : state-building in Germany and Italy
#3. Disintegration of Empires through the emergence of nationalities.

17. Imperialism and Colonialism
#1. Colonial System (Exploitation of New World, Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Tribute from Asian Conquests)
#2. Types of Empire: of settlement and non-settlement: Latin America, South Africa, Indonesia, Australia.
#3. Imperialism and Free Trade: The New Imperialism

18. Revolution and Counter-Revolution
#1. 19th Century European revolutions
#2. The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921
#3. Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.
#4. The Chinese Revolution of 1949

19. World Wars
#1. 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal Implications
#2. World War I : Causes and Consequences
#3. World War II : Political Consequence
20. Cold War

#1. Emergence of Two Blocs
#2. Integration of West Europe and US Strategy; Communist East Europe
#3. Emergence of Third World and Non-Alignment
4. UN and Dispute Resolution
21. Colonial Liberation

#1. Latin America-Bolivar
#2. Arab World-Egypt
#3. Africa-Apartheid to Democracy
#4. South-East Asia-Vietnam

22. Decolonization and Underdevelopment
#1. Decolonization: Break up of colonial Empires: British, French, Duth
#2. Factors constraining Development : Latin America, Africa

23. Unification of Europe
#1. Post War Foundations : NATO and European Community
#2. Consolidation and Expansion of European Community/European Union.

24. Soviety Disintegration and the Unipolar World
#1. Factors in the collapse of Soviet communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991
#2. Political Changes in East Europe 1989-1992
#3. End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World
#4. Globalization

1026 – Ghazni sacks Somnath Temple

1191 – First Battle of Tarain

1192 – Second Battle of Tarain

1206 – Qutbuddin establishes the Slave Dynasty

1221 – Mongol invasion under Genghis Khan

1232 – Foundation of the Qutub Minar

1288 – Marco Polo visits India

1290 – Jalaludin Firuz Khalji establishes the Khalji dynasty

1320 – Ghiyasuddin Tughluk founds the Tughluk dynasty

1325 – Accession of Muhammad-bin-Tughluk

1336 – Foundation of Vijayanagar (Deccan)

1398 – Timur invades India

1424 – Rise of the Bahmani dynasty (Deccan)

1451 – The Lodi dynasty established in Delhi

1469 – Birth of Guru Nanak – The Founder of Sikhism

1489 – Adil Shah dynasty at Bijapur

1498 – First voyage of Vasco da gama

1510 – Portuguese capture Goa

1526 – Establishment of the Mughul Dynasty; First Battle of Panipat

1526-1530 – Reign of Babur

1530 – Humayun succeeds Babur

1539 – Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan

1555 – Humayun recovers the throne of Delhi

1556 – Accession of Akbar

1565 – Battle of Talikota

1568 – Fall of Chittor Garh

1576 – Battle of Haldighati

1577 – Akbar troops invade Khandesh

1597 – Akbar completes his conquests

1600 – Charter to the English East India Company

1605 – Jahangir

1609 – The Dutch open a factory at Pulicat

1615 – Submission of Mewar to the Mughals

1620 – Capture of Kangra Fort

1623 – Shah Jahan revolts against Jahangir

1628 – Shah Jahan proclaimed Emperor

1636 – Aurangzeb appointed Viceroy of Deccan

1646 – Shivaji captures Torna

1658 – Coronation of Aurangzeb

1666 – Death of Shah Jahan

1689 – Execution of Sambhaji

1700 – Death of Rajaram

1707 – Death of Aurangzeb

1720 – Accession of Baji Rao Peshwa at Poona

1742 – Marathas invade Bengal

1748 – First Anglo-French war

1750 – War of the Deccan; Death of Nasir Jang

1756 – Siraj-ud-daulah captures Calcutta

3000 – 2600 BC – Harappa Civilisation

1200 – 500 BC – Vedic Era

550 BC – Birth of Mahavira

563 – 483 BC – Sidhartha Gautama, the Buddha

327 BC – The Conquests of Alexander The Great

325 BC – Alexander The Great, still goes on

322 BC – Rise of the Mauryas, Chandragupta

298 BC – Bindusara Coronated

272 BC – Ashoka’s Reign

180 BC – Fall of the Mauryas & Rise of the Sungas

30 BC – Rise of the Satvahana Dynasty

50 AD – The Kushans and Kanishkas

320 AD – Chandragupta I establishes the Gupta dynasty

360 AD – Samudragupta conquers the North

380 AD – Chandragupta II comes to power

415 AD – Accession of Kumara Gupta I

467 AD – Skanda Gupta assumes power

892 AD – Rise of the Eastern Chalukyas

985 AD – The Chola Dynasty

1757 – Battle of Plassey: The British defeat Siraj-ud-daulah

1760 – Battle of Wandiwash: The British defeat the French

1761 – Third battle of Panipat

1764 – Battle of Buxar: The British defeat Mir Kasim

1765 – The British get Diwani Rights in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa

1767 -1769 – First Mysore War

1772 – Warren Hastings appointed as Governor of Bengal

1773 – The Regulating Act passed by the British Parliament

1775 -1782 – The First Anglo-Maratha war

1780-1784 – Second Mysore War : The British defeat Hyder Ali

1784 – Pitt’s India Act

1790-1792 – Third Mysore War between the British and Tipu

1793 – Permanent Settlement of Bengal

1799 – Fourth Mysore War: The British defeat Tipu

1802- Treaty of Bassein

1803-1805 – The Second Anglo-Maratha war

1814-1816 – The Anglo-Gurkha war

1817-1818 – The Pindari war

1824-1826 – The First Burmese war

1829 – Prohibition of Sati

1831 – Mysore administration taken over by East India Company

1833 – Renewal of Company’s Charter

1833 – Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Empire

1838 – Tripartite treaty between Shah Shuja, Ranjit Singh and the British

1839-1842 – First Afghan war

1843 – Gwalior war

1845-1846 – First Anglo-Sikh war

1848 – Lord Dalhousie becomes the Governor-General

1848-1849 – Second Anglo-Sikh war

1852 – Second Anglo-Burmese war

1853 – Railway & Telegraph line introduced

1857 – First War of Indian Independence: The Sepoy Mutiny

1857 – Zanshichi Rani Laxmibai – Freedom struggle in 1857

1858 – British Crown takes over the Indian Government

1877 – The Queen of England proclaimed Empress of India

1878 – Vernacular Press Act

1881 – Factory Act

1885 – First meeting of the Indian National Congress

1897 – Plague in Bombay; Famine Commission

1899 – Lord Curzon becomes Governor-General and Viceroy

1905 – The First Partition of Bengal

1906 – Formation of Muslim League

1911 – Partition of Bengal modified to create the Presidency of Bengal

1912 – The Imperial capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi

1913 – Educational Resolution of the Government of India

1915 – Defence of India Act

1916 – Home Rule League, Foundation of Women’s University at Poona

1919 – Rowlatt Act evokes protests; Jalianwalla Bagh massacre;

1920 – The Khilafat Movement started, Non-co-operation Movement

1921 – Moplah (Muslim) rebellion in Malabar; Census of India

1922 – Civil Disobedience Movement, Chauri-Chaura violence

1925 – Reforms Enquiry committee Report

1927 – Indian Navy Act; Simon Commission Appointed

1928 – Simon Commission comes to India: Boycott by all parties

1929 – Lord Irwin promises Dominion Status for India; Trade Union split

1930 – Salt Satyagraha, First Round Table Conference

1931 – Second Round Table Conference; Irwin-Gandhi Pact

1932 – Third Round Table Conference, Poona Pact

1934 – Civil Disobedience Movement called off; Bihar Earthquake

1937 – Inauguration of Provincial Autonomy

1939 – Political deadlock in India as Congress ministries resign

1942 – Cripps Mission, Quit India Movement, Indian National Army

1944 – Gandhi-Jinnah Talks break down on Pakistan issue

1946 – Interim Government formed, Constituent Assembly’s first meeting

1904 – 1947 – History of Indian Flag

3 June 1947 – Lord Mountbatten’s plan for partition of India

15 Aug 1947 – Partition of India and Independence